{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1760242823180,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Leading Human Resource Training Program of Regional Neo Industry through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","award":["2016H1D5A1910427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016H1D5A1910427"]}]},{"name":"The MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information &amp; communications Technology Promotion)","award":["IITP-2016-R0992-16-1006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2016-R0992-16-1006"]}]},{"name":"Hallym University Research Fund, 2016","award":["HRF-201605-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRF-201605-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a data aggregation gateway framework (DA-GW) for constrained application protocol (CoAP) group communications is proposed. The DA-GW framework is designed to improve the throughput performance and energy efficiency of group communication to monitor and control multiple sensor devices collectively with a single user terminal. The DA-GW consists of four function blocks\u2014the message analyzer, group manager, message scheduler and data handler\u2014and three informative databases\u2014the client database, resource database and information database. The DA-GW performs group management and group communication through each functional block and stores resources in the informative databases. The DA-GW employs international standard-based data structures and provides the interoperability of heterogeneous devices used in various applications. The DA-GW is implemented using a Java-based open source framework called jCoAP to evaluate the functions and performance of the DA-GW. The experiment results showed that the DA-GW framework revealed better performance than existing group communication methods in terms of throughput and energy consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym8120138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T10:19:15Z","timestamp":1479982755000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Data Aggregation Gateway Framework for CoAP Group Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Minki","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Hyok","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"}]},{"given":"SungJin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16502, Korea"}]},{"given":"Taeshik","family":"Shon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-si 16502, Korea"}]},{"given":"Eui-Jik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. 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