{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T17:42:10Z","timestamp":1776015730013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, \u2018G. d\u2019Annunzio\u2019 University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A right-hemispheric superiority has been shown for spatial symmetry perception with mono-dimensional stimuli (e.g., bisected lines). Nevertheless, the cerebral imbalance for bi-dimensional stimuli is still controversial, and the aim of the present study is to investigate this issue. Healthy participants and a split-brain patient (D.D.C.) were tested in a divided visual field paradigm, in which a square shape was presented either in the left or right visual field and they were asked to judge whether a dot was placed exactly in the center of the square or off-center, by using the left\/right hand in two separate sessions. The performance of healthy participants was better when the stimuli presented in the left visual field (LVF) were on-center rather than off-center. The performance of D.D.C. was higher than chance only when on-center stimuli were presented in the LVF in the left hand session. Only in this condition did his accuracy not differ with respect to that of the control group, whereas in all of the other conditions, it was lower than the controls\u2019 accuracy. We conclude that the right-hemispheric advantage already shown for mono-dimensional stimuli can be extended also to bi-dimensional configurations, confirming the right-hemispheric superiority for spatial symmetry perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9050076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T01:47:33Z","timestamp":1495504053000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Asymmetry for Symmetry: Right-Hemispheric Superiority in Bi-Dimensional Symmetry Perception"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9969-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Prete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Fabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Foschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona 60126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tommasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Health and Territory, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/156856895X00089","article-title":"Empirical aspects of symmetry perception","volume":"9","author":"Tyler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spat. Vis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1163\/156856895X00098","article-title":"Detection of visual symmetries","volume":"9","author":"Wagemans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spat. Vis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(97)01105-4","article-title":"Characteristics and models of human symmetry detection","volume":"1","author":"Wagemans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3390\/sym2031510","article-title":"Behind the looking glass: A review on human symmetry perception","volume":"2","author":"Treder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagemans, J. (2014). Symmetry perception. The Oxford Handbook of Perceptual Organization, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199686858.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.07.002","article-title":"Symmetry perception in humans and macaques","volume":"9","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw255","article-title":"An electrophysiological index of perceptual goodness","volume":"26","author":"Makin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/360073a0","article-title":"Preserved figure-ground segregation and symmetry detection in visual neglect","volume":"360","author":"Driver","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2010.04.002","article-title":"Symmetry perception in the blind","volume":"134","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2014.938712","article-title":"Visual symmetry perception in early onset monocular blindness","volume":"22","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Visual Cogn."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Shackelford, T.K., and Weekes-Shackelford, V.A. (2017). Split-Brain Patients. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, Springer International Publishing AG."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00033-0","article-title":"A deficit in perceptual matching in the left hemisphere of a callosotomy patient","volume":"37","author":"Funnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199907130-00033","article-title":"A dissociation between spatial and identity matching in callosotomy patients","volume":"10","author":"Corballis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1068\/p250463","article-title":"Bilateral symmetry detection: Testing a \u2018callosal\u2019 hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Herbert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Corballis, M.C., and Beale, I.L. (1976). The Psychology of Left and Right, Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_1_1_001","article-title":"Reading the structure of brains","volume":"1","author":"Braitenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Netw. Comput. Neural"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00103-9","article-title":"Visuospatial processing and the right-hemisphere interpreter","volume":"53","author":"Corballis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.11.001","article-title":"Electrophysiological responses to symmetry presented in the left or in the right visual hemifield","volume":"86","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coretx"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8804","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1765-06.2006","article-title":"Toward a common circle: Interhemispheric contextual modulation in human early visual areas","volume":"26","author":"Ban","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500319102","article-title":"Symmetry activates extrastriate visual cortex in human and nonhuman primates","volume":"102","author":"Sasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.018","article-title":"Predominantly extra-retinotopic cortical response to pattern symmetry","volume":"24","author":"Tyler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.10.002","article-title":"Scaling of the extrastriate neural response to symmetry","volume":"117","author":"Palumbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.03.003","article-title":"Processing local signals into global patterns","volume":"17","author":"Sasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00142-7","article-title":"The effects of stimulus symmetry on landmark judgments in left and right visual fields","volume":"40","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90200-X","article-title":"Simple reaction time as a measure of the temporal response properties of transient and sustained channels","volume":"15","author":"Breitmeyer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13078","article-title":"The cerebral correlates of subliminal emotions: An eleoencephalographic study with emotional hybrid faces","volume":"42","author":"Prete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12034","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious processing of facial expressions: Evidence from two split-brain patients","volume":"9","author":"Prete","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.002","article-title":"Right hemisphere or valence hypothesis, or both? The processing of hybrid faces in the intact and callosotomized brain","volume":"68","author":"Prete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.07.007","article-title":"Stimulus symmetry affects the bisection of figures but not lines: Evidence from event-related fMRI","volume":"20","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/sym6040975","article-title":"Brain activity in response to visual symmetry","volume":"6","author":"Bertamini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12399","article-title":"Right-lateralized alpha desynchronization during regularity discrimination: Hemispheric specialization or directed spatial attention?","volume":"52","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/14.3.12","article-title":"Visual symmetry in objects and gaps","volume":"14","author":"Makin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12082","article-title":"Electrophysiological responses to visuospatial regularity","volume":"50","author":"Makin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.11.004","article-title":"The causal role of the lateral occipital complex in visual mirror symmetry detection and grouping: An fMRI-guided TMS study","volume":"51","author":"Bona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3733-14.2015","article-title":"The causal role of the occipital face area (OFA) and lateral occipital (LO) cortex in symmetry perception","volume":"35","author":"Bona","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.04.007","article-title":"The role of the human extrastriate visual cortex in mirror symmetry discrimination: A TMS-adaptation study","volume":"77","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0867-24","article-title":"The split brain in man","volume":"217","author":"Gazzaniga","year":"1967","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.1.61","article-title":"Perception of bilateral chimeric figures following hemispheric deconnexion","volume":"95","author":"Levy","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prete, G., Fabri, M., Foschi, N., and Tommasi, L. (2016). Geometry, landmarks and the cerebral hemispheres: 2D spatial reorientation in split-brain patients. J. Neuropsychol.","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12115"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.02.011","article-title":"Mirror-image discrimination and reversal in the disconnected hemispheres","volume":"48","author":"Corballis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04823.x","article-title":"Contribution of the corpus callosum to bilateral representation of the trunk midline in the human brain: An fMRI study of callosotomized patients","volume":"23","author":"Fabri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2014.959525","article-title":"The \u201cconsonance effect\u201d and the hemispheres: A study on a split-brain patient","volume":"20","author":"Prete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017989820832","article-title":"Binocular rivalry between complex stimuli in split-brain observers","volume":"2","author":"Corballis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Mind"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"610","article-title":"Binocular rivalry in split-brain observers","volume":"3","author":"Corballis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2003.12.003","article-title":"Exaggerated redundancy gain in the split brain: A hemispheric coactivation account","volume":"49","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.08.004","article-title":"Eye rivalry and object rivalry in the intact and split-brain","volume":"91","author":"Ritchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1068\/p7808","article-title":"Redundancy gain in binocular rivalry","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205058","article-title":"Detection of symmetry in tachistoscopically presented dot patterns: Effects of multiple axes and skewing","volume":"50","author":"Wagemans","year":"1991","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.08.015","article-title":"Detection of (anti) symmetry and (anti) repetition: Perceptual mechanisms versus cognitive strategies","volume":"49","author":"Treder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00026.x","article-title":"On the role of symmetry in visual search","volume":"3","author":"Wolfe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-010-9089-5","article-title":"Predicting eye fixations on complex visual stimuli using local symmetry","volume":"3","author":"Kootstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cog. Comp."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.17.1.82","article-title":"Perception of symmetry in infancy","volume":"17","author":"Bornstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"841","article-title":"Symmetry perception by poultry chicks and its implications for three-dimensional object recognition","volume":"279","author":"Mascalzoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00219-6","article-title":"Interhemispheric neural summation in the split brain with symmetrical and asymmetrical displays","volume":"40","author":"Roser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.005","article-title":"Symmetry detection in typically and atypically speech lateralized individuals: A visual half-field study","volume":"51","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rampone, G., O\u2019Sullivan, N., and Bertamini, M. (2016). The Role of Visual Eccentricity on Preference for Abstract Symmetry. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154428"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.027","article-title":"The anatomy of spatial neglect","volume":"50","author":"Karnath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(91)90097-R","article-title":"Figural modulation of visuo-spatial neglect: A case study","volume":"29","author":"Halligan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2000.91.1.217","article-title":"Bisection of shapes and lines: Analysis of the visual and motor aspects of pseudoneglect","volume":"91","author":"Kinnear","year":"2000","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2015.1131841","article-title":"Perceptual biases in the horizontal and vertical dimensions are driven by separate cognitive mechanisms","volume":"70","author":"Churches","year":"2017","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00078-6","article-title":"\u2018Where\u2019 depends on \u2018what\u2019: A differential functional anatomy for position discrimination in one-versus two-dimensions","volume":"38","author":"Fink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/9\/5\/76\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:36:17Z","timestamp":1760207777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/9\/5\/76"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["sym9050076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym9050076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]}}}