{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:09Z","timestamp":1760242389686,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research work is aimed at optimizing the availability of a framework comprising of two units linked together in series configuration utilizing Markov Model and Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation techniques. In this article, effort has been made to develop a maintenance model that incorporates three distinct states for each unit, while taking into account their different levels of deterioration. Calculations are carried out using the proposed model for two distinct cases of corrective repair, namely perfect and imperfect repairs, with as well as without opportunistic maintenance. Initially, results are accomplished using an analytical technique i.e., Markov Model. Validation of the results achieved is later carried out with the help of MC Simulation. In addition, MC Simulation based codes also work well for the frameworks that follow non-exponential failure and repair rates, and thus overcome the limitations offered by the Markov Model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9070096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T08:16:18Z","timestamp":1498205778000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Availability of a Framework in Series Configuration Utilizing Markov Model and Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansoor","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NUST School of Mechanical &amp; Manufacturing Engineering, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6020-1512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUST School of Mechanical &amp; Manufacturing Engineering, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUST School of Mechanical &amp; Manufacturing Engineering, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsin","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUST School of Mechanical &amp; Manufacturing Engineering, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NUST Research Center for Modelling &amp; Simulation, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Faping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2006). 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