{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:00Z","timestamp":1760242380958,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]],"date-time":"2017-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this paper is to compare and analyze the forecasting performance of two artificial neural network models (i.e., MLP (multi-layer perceptron) and DNN (deep neural network)), and to conduct an experimental investigation by data flow, not economic flow. In this paper, we investigate beyond the scope of simple predictions, and conduct research based on the merits and data of each model, so that we can predict and forecast the most efficient outcomes based on analytical methodology with fewer errors. In particular, we focus on identifying two models of neural networks (NN), a multi-layer perceptron (i.e., MLP) model and an excellent model between the neural network (i.e., DNN) model. At this time, predictability and accuracy were found to be superior in the DNN model, and in the MLP model, it was found to be highly correlated and accessible. The major purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of MLP and DNN through a practical approach based on an artificial neural network stock forecasting method. Although we do not limit S&amp;P (i.e., Standard&amp;Poor\u2019s 500 index) to escape other regional exits in order to see the proper flow of capital, we first measured S&amp;P data for 100 months (i.e., 407 weeks) and found out the following facts: First, the traditional artificial neural network (ANN) model, according to the specificity of each model and depending on the depth of the layer, shows the model of the prediction well and is sensitive to the index data; Second, comparing the two models, the DNN model showed better accuracy in terms of data accessibility and prediction accuracy than MLP, and the error rate was also shown in the weekly and monthly data; Third, the difference in the prediction accuracy of each model is not statistically significant. However, these results are correlated with each other, and are considered robust because there are few error rates, thanks to the accessibility to various other prediction accuracy measurement methodologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9070108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]],"date-time":"2017-07-05T11:26:04Z","timestamp":1499253964000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Forecasting Purpose Data Analysis and Methodology Comparison of Neural Model Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0266-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungju","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Convergence Software, Korea University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taikyeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul Women\u2019s University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.06.001","article-title":"Thinking about mechanisms is crucial to connecting neuroscience and education","volume":"45","author":"Coch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0148-2963(03)00043-2","article-title":"Using neural networks for forecasting volatility of S&P 500 Index futures prices","volume":"57","author":"Hamid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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