{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:18:03Z","timestamp":1767705483088,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Algorithms based on the process of natural evolution are widely used to solve multi-objective optimization problems. In this paper we propose the agent-based co-evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective portfolio optimization. The proposed technique is compared experimentally to the genetic algorithm, co-evolutionary algorithm and a more classical approach\u2014the trend-following algorithm. During the experiments historical data from the Warsaw Stock Exchange is used in order to assess the performance of the compared algorithms. Finally, we draw some conclusions from these experiments, showing the strong and weak points of all the techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9090168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T11:32:27Z","timestamp":1503487947000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["An Agent-Based Co-Evolutionary Multi-Objective Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8607-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Dre\u017cewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Doroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Post-Modern Portfolio Theory Comes of Age","volume":"3","author":"Rom","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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