{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:37:46Z","timestamp":1778654266082,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cloud computing has emerged as today\u2019s most exciting computing paradigm for providing services using a shared framework, which opens a new door for solving the problems of the explosive growth of digital resource demands and their corresponding convenience. With the exponential growth of the number of data types and data size in so-called big data work, the backbone network is under great pressure due to its transmission capacity, which is lower than the growth of the data size and would seriously hinder the development of the network without an effective approach to solve this problem. In this paper, an Intelligent Aggregation based on a Content Routing (IACR) scheme for cloud computing, which could reduce the amount of data in the network effectively and play a basic supporting role in the development of cloud computing, is first put forward. All in all, the main innovations in this paper are: (1) A framework for intelligent aggregation based on content routing is proposed, which can support aggregation based content routing; (2) The proposed IACR scheme could effectively route the high aggregation ratio data to the data center through the same routing path so as to effectively reduce the amount of data that the network transmits. The theoretical analyses experiments and results show that, compared with the previous original routing scheme, the IACR scheme can balance the load of the whole network, reduce the amount of data transmitted in the network by 41.8%, and reduce the transmission time by 31.6% in the same network with a more balanced network load.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9100221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]],"date-time":"2017-10-11T12:17:47Z","timestamp":1507724267000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Intelligent Aggregation Based on Content Routing Scheme for Cloud Computing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of School of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changqin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology in Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Liu, A., Guo, S., Li, Z., Choi, Y.J., and Sekiya, H. (2017). Context-aware collect data with energy efficient in Cyber-physical cloud systems. Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Liu, A., and Zhang, S. (2017). Key Parameters Decision for Cloud Computing: Insights from a Multiple Game Model. Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.4200"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-016-0745-1","article-title":"Smart clothing: Connecting human with clouds and big data for sustainable health monitoring","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mob. Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2566584","article-title":"Game theoretic resource allocation in media cloud with mobile social users","volume":"18","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7224730","article-title":"Engineering searchable encryption of mobile cloud networks: When QoE meets QoP","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2015.2406704","article-title":"Enabling fine-grained multi-keyword search supporting classified sub-dictionaries over encrypted cloud data","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2694446","article-title":"Disease Prediction by Machine Learning over Big Healthcare Data","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Shojafar, M., Canali, C., Lancellotti, R., and Abawajy, J. (2016). Adaptive computing-plus-communication optimization framework for multimedia processing in cloud systems. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwak, J., Park, J.H., and Sung, Y. (2017). Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Point Classification Algorithm Based on Symmetric Big Data. Symmetry, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9010001"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Shojafar, M., Cordeschi, N., and Baccarelli, E. (2016). Energy-efficient adaptive resource management for real-time vehicular cloud services. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2013-y","article-title":"Predicting the next turn at road junction from big traffic data","volume":"73","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, A., Chen, Z., and Xiong, N. (2017). An adaptive virtual relaying set scheme for loss-and-delay sensitive WSNs. Inf. Sci.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.09.036"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Liu, X., Zhao, S., Liu, A., Xiong, N., and Vasilakos, A.V. (2017). Knowledge-aware Proactive Nodes Selection Approach for Energy management in Internet of Things. Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2016.09.005","article-title":"A green and reliable communication modeling for industrial internet of things","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Li, G., Zhang, S., and Liu, A. (2017). Big Program Code Dissemination Scheme for Emergency Software-define Wireless Sensor Networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-017-0565-5"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., and Liu, A. (2017). On the hybrid using of unicast-broadcast in wireless sensor networks. Comput. Electr. Eng.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.03.004"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1145\/2990500","article-title":"Preserving Smart Sink Location Privacy with Delay Guaranteed Routing Scheme for WSNs","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C., Ma, M., Liu, Y., and Liu, A. (2017). Preserving Source Location Privacy for Energy Harvesting WSNs. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040724"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"94","article-title":"Big data orchestration as a service networking","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Liu, A., Li, Z., Choi, Y.J., Sekiya, H., and Li, J. (2017). Energy-efficient Broadcasting Scheme for Smart Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks. Mob. Inf. Syst.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7538190"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Liu, X., Dong, M., Ota, K., Yang, L.T., and Liu, A. (2016). Trace malicious source to guarantee cyber security for mass monitor critical infrastructure. J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1145\/2974021","article-title":"Distributed Multi-representative Re-Fusion approach for Heterogeneous Sensing Data Collection","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Liu, A., Li, Z., Tian, S., Choi, Y.J., Sekiya, H., and Li, J. (2017). Distributed Cooperative Communication Nodes Control and Optimization Reliability for Resource-Constrained WSNs. Neurocomputing, 270.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.12.105"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Xu, Y., and Liu, A. (2017). Cross Layer Design for Optimal Delay, Energy Efficiency and Lifetime in Body Sensor Networks. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040900"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Ma, M., and Liu, A. (2017). Dynamic Power Management and Adaptive Packet Size Selection for IoT in e-Healthcare. Comput. Electr. Eng.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.06.010"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Chen, X., Liu, A., and Hu, C. (2017). A Latency and Coverage Optimized Data Collection Scheme for Smart Cities Based on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040888"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9251","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2647236","article-title":"A similarity scenario-based recommendation model with small disturbances for unknown items in social networks","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Liu, Y., Gao, L., and Liu, A. (2017). A Cooperative-based Model for Smart-Sensing Tasks in Fog Computing. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2756826"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2015.2449314","article-title":"Service pricing decision in cyber-physical systems: Insights from game theory","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.06.023","article-title":"Energy-aware and quality-driven sensor management for green mobile crowd sensing","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.08.005","article-title":"A mobile crowd sensing ecosystem enabled by CUPUS: Cloud-based publish\/subscribe middleware for the Internet of Things","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Liu, A., Li, Y., Li, Z., Choi, Y.J., Sekiya, H., and Li, J. (2017). APMD: A fast data transmission protocol with reliability guarantee for pervasive sensing data communication. Pervasive Mob. Comput.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2017.03.012"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maisonneuve, N., Stevens, M., Niessen, M.E., and Steels, L. (2009). NoiseTube: Measuring and mapping noise pollution with mobile phones. Inf. Technol. Environ. Eng., 215\u2013228.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88351-7_16"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Sarkar, S., Chatterjee, S., and Misra, S. (2015). Assessment of the Suitability of Fog Computing in the Context of Internet of Things. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2017, September 08). Internet of Things Market Forecast: Cisco. Available online: http:\/\/postscapes.com\/internet-of-things-market-size."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Liu, A., Yan, T., and Zeng, Z. (2017). A resource allocation model based on double-sided combinational auctions for transparent computing. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-017-0556-6"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Liu, A., and Huang, C. (2016). Delay-Aware Program Codes Dissemination Scheme in Internet of Everything. Mob. Inf. Syst., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2436074"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-016-0501-0","article-title":"Distributed Duty Cycle Control for Delay Improvement in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Ma, M., Liu, X., Liu, A., and Zhao, M. (2017). Reliability Improved Cooperative Communications over Wireless Sensor Networks. Symmetry, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9100209"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Liu, A., Deng, Q., and Liu, H. (2017). Large-Scale Programing Code Dissemination for Software-Defined Wireless Networks. Comput. J.","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxx014"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2394307","article-title":"A Survey of Green Information-Centric Networking: Research Issues and Challenges","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1109\/18.850663","article-title":"Network information flow","volume":"46","author":"Ahlswede","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., and Liu, A. (2017). High performance target tracking scheme with low prediction precision requirement in WSNs. Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput., Available online: http:\/\/www.inderscience.com \/info\/ingeneral\/forthcoming.php?jcode=ijahuc.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2018.10016988"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., and Liu, A. (2016). An Unequal Redundancy Level Based Mechanism for Reliable Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-016-0754-6"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2015.7293300","article-title":"Aggregation on the fly: Reducing traffic for big data in the cloud","volume":"29","author":"Ke","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2014.04.001","article-title":"Lifetime maximization through dynamic ring-based routing scheme for correlated data collecting in WSNs","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2006.171","article-title":"Routing correlated data with fusion cost in wireless sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2531684","article-title":"A Scalable Data Chunk Similarity based Compression Approach for Efficient Big Sensing Data Processing on Cloud","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2017, September 08). The Topological Structure of the American Network. Available online: http:\/\/ninjurl.us\/us-fiber-map.html."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/9\/10\/221\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:46:59Z","timestamp":1760208419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/9\/10\/221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["sym9100221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym9100221","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]}}}