{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T16:17:37Z","timestamp":1774196257069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Political and bureaucratic corruption is a societal threat in every country. It allows organised crime to flourish, slows economic growth, increases income inequality, reduces government effectiveness, and threatens citizens\u2019 confidence in the rule of law. This study uses a \u201cSystem Dynamics model\u201d from a framework based on econometric analysis wherein the causal relationships between the economic and governance institutions were established. The calibrated model uses the data on institutional quality from 1996 to 2020 from \u201cthe World Bank and the World Economic Forum\u201d to project institutional quality and control corruption in the future. The control of corruption was trending downward in the nations studied. The model shows that improving institutional quality can reverse this downward trend. However, improving institutional quality and controlling corruption requires a country-specific approach. This model suggests the most efficient ways that national leaders and policymakers can improve institutional quality and thereby control corruption in their country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10030064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Impact of Institutional Improvement on Control of Corruption\u2014A System Dynamics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy Dynamics Inc., New Hamburg, ON N3A 2G5, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Aman","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planning and Development Board, Government of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saroj","family":"Koul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jindal Global Business School, OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat 131001, Haryana, India"}]},{"given":"Mark Sandoval","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASM Consultores de Riesgo, Curridabat 11801, San Jose, Costa Rica"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Corruption and the Arab Spring","volume":"18","author":"Cook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brown J. 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