{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:50:28Z","timestamp":1778799028374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Jiangsu key Laboratory of Traffic and Transportation Security","award":["TTS2018-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTS2018-02"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Jiangsu key Laboratory of Traffic and Transportation Security","award":["2021JM-146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JM-146"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["TTS2018-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTS2018-02"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2021JM-146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JM-146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With increased environmental protection awareness, sustainability has been incorporated into supply chain management. Sustainable supplier selection and evaluation have become an acritical part of supply chain management. They can significantly improve the supply chain\u2019s operational performance and enhance enterprises\u2019 competitiveness. Based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy numbers (TIT2FNs) and cloud probability dominance relations (PDR), manufacturers can make more tangible and environmentally friendly decisions in the SSSE process. In this paper, a SSSE indicator system is first established using the necessary economic, environmental, and social factors. The importance of the indicators described in linguistic terms is transformed into TIT2FNs, and the weight of each indicator is calculated. In order to prevent candidate suppliers from promoting performance maliciously, different weights are given according to the impact of the enterprise\u2019s historical performance on the present. Finally, the cloud PDR method is used to determine the optimal sustainable supplier. A case study and analysis are provided to show the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10050166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T01:23:16Z","timestamp":1664414596000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sustainable Supplier Selection and Evaluation for the Effective Supply Chain Management System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Qiuyun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9524-0087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zengxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-018-2821-3","article-title":"Social sustainability in the oil and gas industry: Institutional pressure and the management of sustainable supply chains","volume":"290","author":"Rentizelas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.10.023","article-title":"Decision making on supplier selection based on social, ethical, and environmental criteria: A study in the textile industry","volume":"141","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s42524-020-0136-y","article-title":"Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities","volume":"8","author":"Kaluarachchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-2078-6","article-title":"A hybrid model for supplier selection: Integration of AHP and multi expression programming (MEP)","volume":"28","author":"Fallahpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2017.10.013","article-title":"Multi-tier sustainable global supplier selection using a fuzzy AHP-VIKOR based approach","volume":"195","author":"Awasthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-014-1028-y","article-title":"Evaluating a Green Supplier Selection Problem Using a Hybrid MODM Algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Bakeshlou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.12.011","article-title":"Critical factors for sub-supplier management: A sustainable food supply chains perspective","volume":"152","author":"Grimm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, A., Xiao, Y., Lu, H., Tsai, S., and Song, W. (2019). A fuzzy three-stage multi-attribute decision-making approach based on customer needs for sustainable supplier selection. J. Clean. Prod., 239.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118043"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soon, A., Heidari, A., Khalilzadeh, M., Antucheviciene, J., Zavadskas, E.K., and Zahedi, F. (2022). Multi-Objective Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Considering Multiple Products with Different Quality Levels. Systems, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10040094"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Soete, W. (2016). Towards a multidisciplinary approach on creating value: Sustainability through the supply chain and ERP systems. Systems, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems4010016"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920710749686","article-title":"Managing sustainable service improvements in manufacturing companies","volume":"36","author":"Gebauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.08.019","article-title":"Is lean synergistic with sustainable supply chain? An empirical investigation from emerging economy","volume":"139","author":"Jakhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.02.020","article-title":"The influence of ethical culture on supplier selection in the context of sustainable sourcing","volume":"140","author":"Goebel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2015.1079340","article-title":"Sustainable supplier management\u2014A review of models supporting sustainable supplier selection, monitoring and development","volume":"54","author":"Zimmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2013.04.003","article-title":"A comprehensive environment friendly approach for supplier selection","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.09.078","article-title":"An integrated framework for sustainable supplier selection and evaluation in supply chains","volume":"140","author":"Luthra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.211","article-title":"A decision framework for sustainable supplier selection and order allocation with lost sales","volume":"183","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thanh, N.V., and Lan, N.T.K. (2022). A new hybrid triple bottom line metrics and fuzzy MCDM model: Sustainable supplier selection in the food-processing industry. Axioms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms11020057"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.035","article-title":"A regional information-based multi-attribute and multi-objective decision-making approach for sustainable supplier selection and order allocation","volume":"187","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.131","article-title":"An integrated methodology for a sustainable two-stage supplier selection and order allocation problem","volume":"192","author":"Mohammed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.12.014","article-title":"Bi-objective integrating sustainable order allocation and sustainable supply chain network strategic design with stochastic demand using a novel robust hybrid multi-objective metaheuristic","volume":"62","author":"Govindan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"6890","article-title":"An integrated chance-constrained stochastic model for efficient and sustainable supplier selection and order allocation","volume":"56","author":"Handfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2018.05.007","article-title":"Selection of a sustainable third-party reverse logistics provider based on the robustness analysis of an outranking graph kernel conducted with ELECTRE I and SMAA","volume":"85","author":"Govindan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.01.032","article-title":"Evaluating and ranking sustainable suppliers by robust dynamic data envelopment analysis","volume":"83","author":"Yousefi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.07.046","article-title":"Product transportation distance-based supplier selection in sustainable supply chain network","volume":"137","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.05.080","article-title":"Improving sustainable supply chain management using a novel hierarchical grey-DEMATEL approach","volume":"134","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.11.007","article-title":"Supplier selection for sustainable operations, A triple-bottom-line approach using a Bayesian framework","volume":"166","author":"Sarkis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2014.02.005","article-title":"Analyzing the CSR issues behind the supplier selection process using ISM approach","volume":"92","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2014.03.002","article-title":"A new fuzzy DEA model for evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of suppliers in sustainable supply chain management context","volume":"54","author":"Azadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salimian, S., Mousavi, S.M., and Antucheviciene, J. (2022). An Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Model Based on Extended VIKOR and MARCOS for Sustainable Supplier Selection in Organ Transplantation Networks for Healthcare Devices. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14073795"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, Z., Yang, X., Barnes, D., and Wu, C. (2022). Supplier selection in sustainable supply chains: Using the integrated BWM, fuzzy Shannon entropy, and fuzzy MULTIMOORA methods. Expert Syst. Appl., 195.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.116567"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, L., Wu, H., and Dai, J. (2021). Modelling flexible decisions about sustainable supplier selection in multitier sustainable supply chain management. Int. J. Prod. Res., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2021.1924412"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-018-2790-6","article-title":"How to assess sustainability of suppliers in the presence of volume discount and negative data in data envelopment analysis?","volume":"269","author":"Izadikhah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1084","article-title":"An Extension of Fuzzy TOPSIS for a Group Decision Making with an Application to Tehran Stock Exchange","volume":"52","author":"Kangi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Soft. Comput."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1866223","article-title":"Integrating supplier selection with inventory management under supply disruptions","volume":"59","author":"Saputro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2017.02.011","article-title":"Integrating DEA with DE and MODE for sustainable supplier selection","volume":"21","author":"Jauhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.11.038","article-title":"The extended QUALIFLEX method for multiple criteria decision analysis based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets and applications to medical decision making","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2012.11.007","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision making method based on possibility degree of interval type-2 fuzzy number","volume":"43","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2012.10.006","article-title":"A novel approach to multi attribute group decision making based on trapezoidal interval type-2 fuzzy soft sets","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.09.059","article-title":"An extended TODIM multi-criteria group decision making method for green supplier selection in interval type-2 fuzzy environment","volume":"258","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.04.001","article-title":"An ELECTRE I-based multi-criteria group decision making method with interval type-2 fuzzy numbers and its application to supplier selection","volume":"57","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3390\/su9050688","article-title":"Green supplier evaluation and selection using cloud model theory and the QUALIFLEX method","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.04.051","article-title":"Generic normal cloud model","volume":"280","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2510226","article-title":"A trust model based on cloud theory in underwater acoustic sensor networks","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2015.2420112","article-title":"new dominance relation-based evolutionary algorithm for many-objective optimization","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.08.071","article-title":"Methods for multi-objective optimization, An analysis","volume":"293","author":"Giagkiozis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2008.01.021","article-title":"Integrated analytical hierarch process and mathematical programming to supplier selection problem with quantity discount","volume":"33","author":"Kokangul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2011.559487","article-title":"Supplier selection using analytic network process and data envelopment analysis","volume":"50","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2012.748224","article-title":"Greener supplier selection: State of the art and some empirical evidence","volume":"51","author":"Genovese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2015.03.011","article-title":"Optimal sourcing from alternative capacitated suppliers with general cost structures","volume":"58","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.11.023","article-title":"Integrating sustainability into supplier selection with grey system and rough set methodologies","volume":"124","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE104259","article-title":"A green purchasing model by using ANP and LP methods","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Test. Eval."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2016.02.015","article-title":"Green supplier selection using fuzzy group decision making methods: A case study from the agri-food industry","volume":"89","author":"Banaeian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2015.01.014","article-title":"A Tradeoff Model for Green Supply Chain Planning, A Leanness-versus-Greenness Analysis","volume":"54","author":"Fahimnia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kou, G., Akdeniz, \u00d6.O., Din\u00e7er, H., and Y\u00fcksel, S. (2021). Fintech investments in European banks: A hybrid IT2 fuzzy multidimensional decision-making approach. Financ. Innov., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-021-00256-y"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2016.10.004","article-title":"Application of a novel PROMETHEE-based method for construction of a group compromise ranking to prioritization of green suppliers in food supply chain","volume":"71","author":"Govindan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1108\/SCM-12-2013-0436","article-title":"Framing sustainability performance of supply chains with multidimensional indicators","volume":"19","author":"Varsei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Supply Chain. Manag."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2010.03.020","article-title":"Integration of artificial neural network and MADA methods for green supplier selection","volume":"18","author":"Kuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Y., Wu, H., Zhao, W., Chen, W., Din\u00e7er, H., and Y\u00fcksel, S. (2021). A hybrid heterogeneous Pythagorean fuzzy group decision modelling for crowdfunding development process pathways of fintech-based clean energy investment projects. Financ. Innov., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-021-00250-4"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622015500212","article-title":"Multi-criteria project selection using an extended VIKOR method with interval type-2 fuzzy sets","volume":"14","author":"Ghorabaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.06.002","article-title":"Assessment of gold and silver in assorted mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs)","volume":"45","author":"Vats","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2816909","article-title":"A Multicriteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on the Normal Cloud Model with Zadeh\u2019s Z-Numbers","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.03.005","article-title":"A cloud model-based approach for water quality assessment","volume":"148","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/10\/5\/166\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:39:27Z","timestamp":1760143167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/10\/5\/166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["systems10050166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems10050166","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]}}}