{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:19:54Z","timestamp":1782512394660,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R97"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been rapidly developing and has been well utilized in the field of smart city monitoring. The IoT offers new opportunities for cities to use data remotely for the monitoring, smart management, and control of device mechanisms that enable the processing of large volumes of data in real time. The IoT supports the connection of instruments with intelligible features in smart cities. However, there are some challenges due to the ongoing development of these applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more research from academia and industry to obtain citizen satisfaction, and efficient architecture, protocols, security, and services are required to fulfill these needs. In this paper, the key aspects of an IoT infrastructure for smart cities were analyzed. We focused on citizen behavior recognition using convolution neural networks (CNNs). A new model was built on understanding human behavior by using the berkeley multimodal human action (MHAD) Datasets. A video surveillance system using CNNs was implemented. The proposed model\u2019s simulation results achieved 98% accuracy for the citizen behavior recognition system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10050177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T03:32:56Z","timestamp":1665459176000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["An IoT-Platform-Based Deep Learning System for Human Behavior Recognition in Smart City Monitoring Using the Berkeley MHAD Datasets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0847-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Othman O.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia"},{"name":"Libyan Centre for Engineering Research and Information Technology, Bani Waleed 411, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Roubleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahim","family":"Esgiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sirte University, Sirte 674, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Abdelhaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8227-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Alsaqour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, P.O. Box 13316, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elmustafa Sayed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Red Sea University, Port Sudan 36481, Sudan"},{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST), Khartoum 00407, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9872-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashid","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"754187","article-title":"WiMAX, LTE, and WiFi Interworking","volume":"2010","author":"Saeed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Netw. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bokhari, S.A.A., and Myeong, S. (2022). Use of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities for Smart Decision-Making: A Social Innovation Perspective. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020620"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12301","article-title":"A review on security threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures of 5G enabled Internet-of-Medical-Things","volume":"16","author":"Ghazal","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradeep, P., and Kant, K. (2022). 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