{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:20:26Z","timestamp":1780586426506,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Private financial support","award":["11000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death for young people. Aberrant driver behaviors, such as drink driving, speeding, not wearing seatbelts, non-compliance with traffic rules and aggressive driving, are key contributors to these crashes. Gender and urban\/rural differences are also risk factors. In Serbia, where this study was conducted, as well as in most European countries, younger people have the highest road crash and fatality risk. Thus, it is important to understand not only when these behaviors occur, but also the attitudes surrounding them. The latter will provide an avenue for intervention. To address this, a mixed design study was conducted, using a quantitative survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews to understand the attitudes and safety behaviors of young people (aged 16\u201325) in Serbia. Results across all methods showed that attitudes and perceptions regarding road safety differ across gender and location (urban\/rural). Young drivers reported frequent engagement in alcohol-impaired driving, speeding, non-using seatbelts and using mobile phones while driving. Dominant attitudes underlying these behaviors related to lower perceived risk and a lack of perceived enforcements. These results show support for education campaigns in improving the risky behavior of young drivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10050191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T22:19:53Z","timestamp":1666217993000},"page":"191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Youth Perceptions and Attitudes towards Road Safety in Serbia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrijana","family":"Pe\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Road Traffic Safety Agency, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Newnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology and Counselling, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"\u010ci\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalibor","family":"Pe\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4839-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Trifunovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). Road Traffic Injuries, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009). European Status Report on Road Safety: Towards Safer Roads and Healthier Transport Choices, Denmark, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and World Bank (2004). World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Geneva, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009). Global Status Report on Road Safety\u2014Time for Action, Geneva, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"European Transport Safety Council (2018). Ranking EU Progress on Road Safety, 12th Road Safety Performance Index Report, Brussels, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2022, July 02). Road Traffic Safety Agency\u2014Republic of Serbia, Available online: http:\/\/www.abs.gov.rs\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.007","article-title":"Why do drivers become safer over the first three months of driving? A longitudinal qualitative study","volume":"117","author":"Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2008.02.001","article-title":"Young people\u2019s perceptions of traffic injury risks, prevention and enforcement measures: A qualitative study","volume":"40","author":"Ramos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.04.009","article-title":"Overview of critical risk factors in Power-Two-Wheeler safety","volume":"49","author":"Vlahogianni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.06.022","article-title":"A positive view on road safety: Can \u2018car karma\u2019 contribute to safe driving styles?","volume":"50","author":"Kleisen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.01.002","article-title":"Five road safety education programmes for young adolescent pedestrians and cyclists: A multi-programme evaluation in a field setting","volume":"66","author":"Twisk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(13)70208-0","article-title":"Qualitative study to explore stakeholder perceptions related to road safety in Hyderabad, India","volume":"44","author":"Tetali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2006.03.003","article-title":"Smoking, belt use, and road accidents of youth in Kuwait","volume":"44","author":"Koushki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2008.07.038","article-title":"Effectiveness of road safety workshop for young adults","volume":"47","author":"Rosenbloom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2013.02.010","article-title":"Teen driving in rural North Dakota: A qualitative look at parental perceptions","volume":"54","author":"Gill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2019.1605168","article-title":"Factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol","volume":"20","author":"Lipovac","year":"2019","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"International Road Traffic and Accident Database (2018). Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, International Transport Forum, International Road Traffic and Accident Database. Road Safety Annual Report 2018 (IRTAD 2018 Annual Report)."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"World Health Organization\u2014Europe (2008). European Report on Child Injury Prevention, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and UNICEF (2008). World Report on Child Injury Prevention, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and UNICEF (2005). Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention\u2014A Global Call to Action, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). Youth and Road Safety, Geneva, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). Road Safety Is No Accident. Youth and Road Safety in Europe, Rome, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). Road Safety Is No Accident. Youth Declaration for Road Safety, Geneva, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2006). European Conference of Ministers of Transport: Young Drivers\u2014The Road to Safety, Paris, France, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2009.025288","article-title":"Using virtual reality to train children in safe street-crossing skills","volume":"16","author":"Schwebel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.10.002","article-title":"Community-based pedestrian safety training in virtual reality: A pragmatic trial","volume":"86","author":"Schwebel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2022, July 01). Association of Citizens and Students from the Faculty for Pedagogy\u2014Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia. Available online: http:\/\/www.parkingns.rs\/index.php\/."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia (2015). Road Safety Strategy\u2014Republic of Serbia for the Period from 2015 to 2020, Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia. No. 64\/2015."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia (2020). Road Traffic Safety Law, Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia. No. 24\/2020."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasanat-E-Rabbi, S., Hamim, O.F., Debnath, M., Hoque, M.S., McIlroy, R.C., Plant, K.L., and Stanton, N.A. (2021). Exploring the Relationships between Demographics, Road Safety Attitudes, and Self-Reported Pedestrian Behaviours in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su131910640"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.10.028","article-title":"Pedestrian self-reported use of smart phones: Positive attitudes and high exposure influence intentions to cross the road while distracted","volume":"98","author":"Lennon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2021.101009","article-title":"Adolescent\u2019s perception of road risk on their routes to school in Makwanpur, Nepal; a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Gautam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transp. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iatssr.2020.01.002","article-title":"Effect of attitudes towards traffic safety and risk perceptions on pedestrian behaviours in Vietnam","volume":"44","author":"Dinh","year":"2020","journal-title":"IATSS Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.18869\/nrip.hdq.2.2.79","article-title":"The youth and experience of traffic accidents (Grounded theory)","volume":"2","author":"Javadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Emerg. Disasters Q."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.04.006","article-title":"Correlates of front-seat passengers\u2019 non-use of seatbelts at night","volume":"130","author":"Boakye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2014.12.025","article-title":"Associations between driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, speeding and seatbelt use among fatally injured car drivers in Norway","volume":"78","author":"Bogstrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00006-3","article-title":"Modelling the factors related to the seatbelt use by the young drivers of Athens","volume":"32","author":"Chliaoutakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-021-06516-4","article-title":"A bee colony optimization (BCO) and type-2 fuzzy approach to measuring the impact of speed perception on motor vehicle crash involvement","volume":"26","author":"Dobrodolac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trifunovi\u0107, A., \u010ci\u010devi\u0107, S., Pe\u0161i\u0107, D., Sam\u010dovi\u0107, A., and Markovi\u0107, V. (2022). Surveying Disadvantaged Children\u2019s Traffic Safety Education in a Comparison between Paper and Electronic Methods: A Case Example for the Expanded Use of Educational Technology. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board.","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981221106477"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90098-H","article-title":"Male\/female driver characteristics and accident risk: Some new evidence","volume":"25","author":"Mannering","year":"1993","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106038","article-title":"The mediating effect of driver characteristics on risky driving behaviors moderated by gender, and the classification model of driver\u2019s driving risk","volume":"153","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.105976","article-title":"Differences in rural and urban drivers\u2019 attitudes and beliefs about seat belts","volume":"151","author":"Watson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accid. Anal. Prev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125221104780","article-title":"Experimental Study: Children\u2019s Perceptions Expressed Through Drawings and Coloring","volume":"129","year":"2022","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Ski."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u0161i\u0107, D., Pe\u0161i\u0107, D., Trifunovi\u0107, A., and \u010ci\u010devi\u0107, S. (2022). Application of Logistic Regression Model to Assess the Impact of Smartwatch on Improving Road Traffic Safety: A Driving Simulator Study. Mathematics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/math10091403"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2020.01.010","article-title":"The self-reported driving behaviour of young drivers in Lithuania: An application of the behaviour of young novice drivers scale\u2014Lithuania (BYNDS-Li)","volume":"69","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/10\/5\/191\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:57:35Z","timestamp":1760144255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/10\/5\/191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["systems10050191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems10050191","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]}}}