{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:28:18Z","timestamp":1783459698473,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is an auspicious approach to the virtual development of cyber-physical systems. The behavior of the system\u2019s elements is thus represented by specialized simulation models that are integrated into the descriptive SysML-based system model. Although many simulation models have been developed in research for the common system elements for various purposes and fidelities, their integration remains a major challenge: the parameter interfaces of the simulation models must be coupled with each other and with the parameters of the system elements in such a way that they are correctly parameterized. So far, this coupling can only be carried out by model experts in a time-consuming and error-prone manner. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose a concept that structures the system element parameters for targeted use in validation and design cases. Second, we propose a model signature for simulation models that differentiates its parameters by input, internal, output, and model parameters and specifies them with spatial and temporal dimensions as well as admissible ranges, among others. Based on the two contributions, domain models can be validly and automatable coupled and used for the virtual development of system elements in model-based systems engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10060199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1667126877000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Model Signatures for the Integration of Simulation Models into System Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-8447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thilo","family":"Zerwas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Methods for Model-Based Development in Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0131-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Husung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Product and Systems Engineering Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Max-Planck-Ring 12, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3266-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef","family":"Gerhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Digital Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Rumpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Software Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstra\u00dfe 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronic Design and Production, Johannes Kepler Universit\u00e4t Linz, Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedmohammad","family":"Vafaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4795-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4451-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"H\u00f6pfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"INCOSE (2022, October 04). 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