{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:38:22Z","timestamp":1779143902957,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ranking several countries on a specific area may require the consideration of various factors simultaneously. To obtain a ranking of countries, the development of analytical approaches, which can aggregate opinions of a group of people on various criteria, is essential. The main aim of this study was to propose such a ranking approach for European countries in terms of healthcare services. To this end, a hybrid group decision-making model based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Terms Set (HFLTS) and Hesitant Fuzzy Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (HF-TOPSIS) is presented in this study. Importance degree of indicators were determined by the HFLTS-based group decision-making approach, and then HF-TOPSIS was used to obtain the rank of countries. According to the results obtained by the proposed model, Austria, Sweden and Finland are the best European countries in terms of healthcare services. Moreover, two comparative analyses, one for the utilization of different hesitant fuzzy distance measures in HF-TOPSIS and one for the ranking of countries obtained by utilizing TOPSIS, return some variations in country rankings. While Austria remained the best country for all distance measures in the hesitant fuzzy environment, Luxemburg was found to be the best for the deterministic case of TOPSIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10060219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:24:34Z","timestamp":1668655474000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4394-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Aktas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara 06790, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billur","family":"Ecer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06010, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8576-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kabak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06570, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, August 01). 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