{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:17:14Z","timestamp":1773249434178,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blockchain has completely changed how business is performed today, thus making it one of the most disruptive technologies in recent times. However, it is a challenging task to adopt and implement blockchain technologies in different services and industries. Therefore, this study introduces a framework for investigating critical factors influencing the successful adoption of blockchain technologies in different applications and prioritizes them using the hierarchical Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. First, it provides fourteen critical success factors with the help of the extant literature and further classifies them into three categories: technological, organizational, and environmental. In addition, a set of sixteen key performance indicators (KPI) of successful blockchain adoption is introduced and classified into five categories: overall performance, system robustness, data robustness, accessibility, and overall cost. Then, the fourteen success factors are ranked based on their degree of prominence and relationships. It is concluded that environmental factors are the most critical factors for successful blockchain adoption, and law and policies and competitive pressure are the top two factors needed for blockchain adoption. In the technological context, only blockchain scalability is ranked among the top significant factors for blockchain adoption. On the other hand, adequate resources, top management support, and financial constraints are highly ranked in the organizational context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T06:42:57Z","timestamp":1671604977000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Critical Success Factors Evaluation for Blockchain\u2019s Adoption and Implementing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8379-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed O.","family":"Grida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6255-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah","family":"Abd Elrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Eldrandaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The blockchain report: Welcome to the internet of value","volume":"5","author":"Bogart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Needham Insights"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"How blockchain will change organizations","volume":"58","author":"Tapscott","year":"2017","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-04-2020-0194","article-title":"An integrated framework to prioritize blockchain-based supply chain success factors","volume":"120","author":"Shoaib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622020500376","article-title":"Critical Success Factors for Blockchain Technology Adoption in Freight Transportation Using Fuzzy ANP-Modified TISM Approach","volume":"19","author":"Shardeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.14445\/22315381\/IJETT-V60P214","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Successful Implementation of BIS","volume":"60","author":"Zaied","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gina, B., and Budree, A. (2020, January 6\u20137). A review of literature on critical factors that drive the selection of business intelligence tools. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD), Durban, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1109\/icABCD49160.2020.9183852"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2132","article-title":"The relative importance of the critical success factors of business intelligence(BI) systems implementation in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies","volume":"98","author":"Alabaddi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2019.1678072","article-title":"A multi-dimensional model of Enterprise Resource Planning critical success factors","volume":"14","author":"Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouriati, A., Moulogianni, C., Kountios, G., Bournaris, T., Dimitriadou, E., and Papadavid, G. (2022). Evaluation of Critical Success Factors for Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Using Quantitative Methods in Agricultural Processing Companies. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14116606"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"307","article-title":"Critical success factors for integrating artificial intelligence and robotics","volume":"22","author":"Mir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digit. Policy Regul. Gov."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"36","article-title":"Explore success factors that impact artificial intelligence adoption on telecom industry in China","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manag. Anal."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Post, R., Smit, K., and Zoet, M. (2018, January 16\u201318). Identifying Factors Affecting Blockchain Technology Diffusion. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Business Information Systems, New Orleans, LA, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2020.104265","article-title":"The key challenges and critical success factors of blockchain implementation: Policy implications for Singapore\u2019s maritime industry","volume":"122","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2020.102025","article-title":"Evaluating the factors that influence blockchain adoption in the freight logistics industry","volume":"141","author":"Juliet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1108\/JAMR-03-2018-0027","article-title":"A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services","volume":"15","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann, F., Grottolo, G., Wang, X., and Lunesu, M.I. (2019, January 24). Alternative Fundraising: Success Factors for Blockchain-Based vs. Conventional Crowdfunding. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Workshop on Blockchain Oriented Software Engineering (IWBOSE), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBOSE.2019.8666515"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2882","article-title":"Is blockchain able to enhance environmental sustainability? A systematic review and research agenda from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","volume":"31","author":"Parmentola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Strat. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2020.107831","article-title":"Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers","volume":"231","author":"Kouhizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.104505","article-title":"Blockchain critical success factors for sustainable supply chain","volume":"152","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.3110","article-title":"Critical success factors for implementing blockchain-based circular supply chain","volume":"31","author":"Kayikci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Strat. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Critical Success Factors of Blockchain adoption inGreen Supply Chain Management: Contribution through an Interpretive Structural Model","volume":"10","author":"Elhidaoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prod. Manuf. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.07.005","article-title":"Analysis of barriers to implement blockchain in industry and service sectors","volume":"136","author":"Biswas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113871","article-title":"Hierarchical DEMATEL method for complex systems","volume":"167","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.12.010","article-title":"Factors influencing clients in the selection of offshore software outsourcing vendors: An exploratory study using a systematic literature review","volume":"84","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butijn, B.J., Tamburri, D.A., and Van Den Heuvel, W.J. (2019). Blockchains: A systematic multivocal literature review. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1145\/3369052"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","article-title":"Systematic literature reviews in software engineering\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2207","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2207","article-title":"Investigation of the requirements change management challenges in the domain of global software development","volume":"31","author":"Akbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golosova, J., and Romanovs, A. (2018, January 8\u201310). The advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain technology. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 6th Workshop on Advances in Information, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (AIEEE), Vilnius, Lithuania.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIEEE.2018.8592253"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.12.005","article-title":"A systematic review of search-based testing for non-functional system properties","volume":"51","author":"Afzal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.01.009","article-title":"How blockchain technologies impact your business model","volume":"62","author":"Morkunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120407","article-title":"Measuring the perceived benefits of implementing blockchain technology in the banking sector","volume":"163","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102120","article-title":"Demystifying blockchain: A critical analysis of challenges, applications and opportunities","volume":"54","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.02.005","article-title":"Blockchain Research, Practice and Policy: Applications, Benefits, Limitations, Emerging Research Themes and Research Agenda","volume":"49","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005","article-title":"1 Blockchain\u2019s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives","volume":"39","author":"Kshetri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.021","article-title":"Blockchain adoption challenges in supply chain: An empirical investigation of the main drivers in India and the USA","volume":"46","author":"Queiroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.009","article-title":"Blockchain, adoption, and financial inclusion in India: Research opportunities","volume":"52","author":"Schuetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1533261","article-title":"Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management","volume":"57","author":"Saberi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120166","article-title":"How Blockchain can impact financial services\u2014The overview, challenges and recommendations from expert interviewees","volume":"158","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2018.11.001","article-title":"Blockchain and the future of energy","volume":"57","author":"Brilliantova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.04.002","article-title":"Blockchain technology in agri-food value chain management: A synthesis of applications, challenges and future research directions","volume":"109","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-016-0034-9","article-title":"Blockchain application and outlook in the banking industry","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Financ. Innov."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-016-0031-z","article-title":"A maturity model for blockchain adoption","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Financ. Innov."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.03.015","article-title":"Supply chain re-engineering using blockchain technology: A case of smart contract based tracking process","volume":"144","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.10.019","article-title":"Blockchain\u2019s adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward","volume":"125","author":"Makhdoom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2018.08.012","article-title":"Blockchain technology for enhancing supply chain resilience","volume":"62","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.01.008","article-title":"It\u2019s real, trust me! Establishing supply chain provenance using blockchain","volume":"62","author":"Montecchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.02.002","article-title":"Making sense of blockchain technology: How will it transform supply chains?","volume":"211","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003800","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.003800","article-title":"Blockchain technology: Applications in health care","volume":"10","author":"Angraal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.12.005","article-title":"Future living framework: Is blockchain the next enabling network?","volume":"128","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2018.12.001","article-title":"Blockchain adoption: A value driver perspective","volume":"62","author":"Angelis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1518610","article-title":"Understanding the Blockchain technology adoption in supply chains-Indian context","volume":"57","author":"Kamble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3392153","article-title":"Stability and Scalability of Blockchain Systems","volume":"4","author":"Gopalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Meas. Anal. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d8lnes, S., and Jansen, A. (2017, January 4\u20137). Blockchain technology as s support infrastructure in e-Government. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronic Government, St. Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64677-0_18"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2016.07.008","article-title":"Determining the importance of Hospital Information System adoption factors using Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP)","volume":"111","author":"Nilashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.09.053","article-title":"An Investigation into critical challenges for multinational third-party logistics providers operating in China","volume":"103","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107600","article-title":"TrustedBaaS: Blockchain-Enabled Distributed and Higher-Level Trusted Platform","volume":"183","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"287","article-title":"Implications of blockchain distributed ledger technology for records management and information governance programs","volume":"30","author":"Franks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rec. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.01.023","article-title":"Big data analytics and organizational culture as complements to swift trust and collaborative performance in the humanitarian supply chain","volume":"210","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2018.05.003","article-title":"Examining moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between market pressure and corporate environmental strategy","volume":"74","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernando, E. (2019, January 26\u201327). Success factor of implementation blockchain technology in pharmaceutical industry: A literature review. Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), Semarang, Indonesia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITACEE.2019.8904335"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.10.014","article-title":"Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities","volume":"100","author":"Andoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.04.060","article-title":"Blockchain based hybrid network architecture for the smart city","volume":"86","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"301001","article-title":"Study and implementation on the application of blockchain in electronic evidence generation","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Digit. Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, T., Lee, J., and Ryu, D. (2018). Blockchain technology and manufacturing industry: Real-time transparency and cost savings. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10114274"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-019-00465-8","article-title":"Chaintegrity: Blockchain-enabled large-scale e-voting system with robustness and universal verifiability","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-2387-5","article-title":"Analysis of Blockchain technology: Pros, cons and SWOT","volume":"22","author":"Niranjanamurthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azaria, A., Ekblaw, A., Vieira, T., and Lippman, A. (2016, January 22\u201324). MedRec: Using blockchain for medical data access and permission management. Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/OBD.2016.11"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21573","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2969454","article-title":"Traceability in Permissioned Blockchain","volume":"8","author":"Mitani","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.05.025","article-title":"Boundary conditions for traceability in food supply chains using blockchain technology","volume":"52","author":"Behnke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monev, V. (2020, January 17\u201318). Defining and Applying Information Security Goals for Blockchain Technology. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Information Technologies (InfoTech), Varna, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.1109\/InfoTech49733.2020.9211073"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, H., and Chang, K. (2022). A Novel General Data Envelopment Analysis Based Approach for MCDM Issues of Hydrogen Energy under a Fuzzy Environment. Systems, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems10050176"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2013.06.006","article-title":"Improving RFID adoption in Taiwan\u2019s healthcare industry based on a DEMATEL technique with a hybrid MCDM model","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4018\/JGIM.2018010107","article-title":"Using DEMATEL-based ANP model to measure the successful factors of E-commerce","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2013.01.016","article-title":"Revised DEMATEL: Resolving the infeasibility of DEMATEL","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2013.07.011","article-title":"A grey-based DEMATEL model for evaluating business process management critical success factors","volume":"146","author":"Bai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.01.073","article-title":"Identification of a threshold value for the DEMATEL method using the maximum mean de-entropy algorithm to find critical services provided by a semiconductor intellectual property mall","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.09.044","article-title":"Analyzing internal barriers for automotive parts remanufacturers in China using grey-DEMATEL approach","volume":"87","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Gabus, A., and Fontela, E. (1972). World Problems an Invitation to Further thought within the Framework of DEMATEL, Battelle Geneva Research Center."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.09.011","article-title":"A causal and effect decision making model of service quality expectation using grey-fuzzy DEMATEL approach","volume":"36","author":"Tseng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.07.027","article-title":"Introducing multiobjective complex systems","volume":"280","author":"Dietza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2018.11.006","article-title":"A hierarchical verification approach to verify complex safety control systems based on STAMP","volume":"172","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/1\/2\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:26Z","timestamp":1760147126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/1\/2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["systems11010002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems11010002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]}}}