{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:31:36Z","timestamp":1769157096736,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012325","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21XJY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012325","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["sisu202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012325","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["sisu202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["21XJY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJY001"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["sisu202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202104"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["sisu202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202209"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["21XJY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XJY001"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["sisu202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202104"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Sichuan International Studies University","award":["sisu202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sisu202209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The new pattern of \u201cdual circulation\u201d is a new development model for China to seek mutual promotion between international and domestic markets in the new era. In this context, this paper explores the synergistic relationship between two-way FDI and its impact mechanism on the improvement of China\u2019s manufacturing innovation capability. By taking 27 segments of the Chinese manufacturing industry as data samples from 2003 to 2018, we use the Granger cause, orthogonalized impulse response function, and physical capacity coupling system to verify the two-way FDI synergistic development relationship in the Chinese manufacturing industry and measure its degree of synergy. In addition, we empirically explore the mediating role of industrial structure upgrading in the impact of two-way FDI synergistic development on innovation capability in the Chinese manufacturing industry, and further analyze the industrial heterogeneity of this mediating role among labor-intensive, capital-intensive, and technology-intensive manufacturing segments. The study finds that firstly, there are different degrees of synergistic development in the Chinese manufacturing segments, and this synergistic development significantly contributes to the innovation capability and industrial structure upgrading of the Chinese manufacturing industry. Secondly, industrial structure upgrading of the Chinese manufacturing industry plays an essential mediating effect in the innovation-driving process of the two-way FDI synergistic development, and the mediating effect shows significant industrial heterogeneity. More specifically, the mediating effects in labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries are significantly positive, and the mediating effect in technology-intensive industries is more prominent. However, the mediating effect in capital-intensive industries is significantly negative. The paper provides empirical evidence to clarify the innovation-driving mechanism of the two-way FDI synergistic development in China\u2019s manufacturing industry from the perspective of the new development pattern of \u201cdual circulation\u201d and provides valuable references for research in related fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:23:06Z","timestamp":1672626186000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Research on the Innovation-Driving Mechanism for the Synergistic Development of Two-Way FDI in China\u2019s Manufacturing Industry: Based on the Perspective of the New Development Pattern of \u201cDual Circulation\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Business and Management, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Finance and Economics, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Business and Management, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Finance and Economics, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China"},{"name":"Party and Government Office of the People\u2019s Government of Xingang Town, Jiujiang 332005, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/1357151042000323094","article-title":"Spillovers from foreign direct investment and firm growth: Technological, financial and market structure effects","volume":"12","author":"Dimelis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. 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