{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:31:20Z","timestamp":1776306680353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the recent years, blockchain technology has gained significant attention in the healthcare sector. It has the potential to alleviate a wide variety of major difficulties in electronic health record systems. This study presents an elaborate overview of the existing research works on blockchain applications in the healthcare industry. This paper evaluates 144 articles that discuss the importance and limits of using blockchain technologies to improve healthcare operations. The objective is to demonstrate the technology\u2019s potential uses and highlight the difficulties and possible sectors for future blockchain research in the healthcare domain. The paper starts with an extensive background study of blockchain and its features. Then, the paper focuses on providing an extensive literature review of the selected articles to highlight the current research themes in blockchain-based healthcare systems. After that, major application areas along with the solutions provided by blockchain in healthcare systems are pointed out. Finally, a discussion section provides insight into the limitations, challenges and future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:47:08Z","timestamp":1673239628000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Blockchain Application in Healthcare Systems: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pranto Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arindom","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chattogram 4202, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5767-6728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehedi","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"}]},{"given":"Abdul Hasib","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International University of Scholars, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.01.063","article-title":"Using phase-type models to cost stroke patient care across health, social and community services","volume":"236","author":"McClean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. 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