{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:00:33Z","timestamp":1769310033962,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a model is presented for allocating cloud computing resources based on economic considerations using tools from game theory. The model, called the Non-Cooperative Game Resource Allocation Algorithm (NCGRAA), is designed to achieve the optimum stage in cloud computing. In addition, the Bargaining Game Resource Allocation Algorithm (BGRAA) is introduced to the existing system to develop the billing process within the constraints of availability and fairness. This system-based algorithm implements methods for converging on and improving the Nash Equilibrium and Nash Bargaining solutions. While the Nash equilibrium helps to develop decision-making concepts with game theory, one of its main goals is to achieve the desired outcome and avoid deviation from the working stage. Nash Bargaining is a unique solution that occurs between two parties and takes into account the process of bargaining to provide a fair solution that is scale invariant and independent. In recent years, cloud computing has become a popular way to manage computing services and enable producers and consumers to interact. This process allows users to obtain goods at an affordable cost from sellers according to their expectations. This research investigates the economic operation monitoring of cloud computing using the gaming theory model. A Static Negotiation Analysis Method with a Bargaining Process (SNAM-BP) for a dynamic conceptual framework is presented to display the weighted relationship between primary issues and keywords used to evaluate the potential partnership of each country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11020050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1673933815000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Complexity and Monitoring of Economic Operations Using a Game-Theoretic Model for Cloud Computing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Hema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruvallur 601206, India"}]},{"given":"N R Rejin","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R.M.K. College of Engineering and Technology, Puduvoyal 601206, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7328-9445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka","family":"\u010cepov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-2762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhola","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Yobe State University, Damaturu P.M.B. 1144, Nigeria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kailash","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8375-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimira","family":"Schindlerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172\/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhal, S.K., Verma, H., and Addya, S.K. (2017). Resource and Energy Efficient Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Data Centers. Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High-Performance Computing, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-1721-4.ch009"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3048844","article-title":"Resource Allocation in 5G IoV Architecture Based on SDN and Fog-Cloud Computing","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.199","article-title":"Performance Analysis of Cloud Computing Centers Using M\/G\/m\/m+r Queuing Systems","volume":"5","author":"Khazaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2010.11.016","article-title":"Game-theoretic static load balancing for distributed systems","volume":"71","author":"Penmatsa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2005.05.001","article-title":"Non cooperative load balancing in distributed systems","volume":"65","author":"Grosu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosu, D., Chronopoulos, A.T., and Leung, M.Y. (2002, January 15\u201319). Load Balancing in Distributed Systems: An Approach Using Cooperative Games. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2002), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2002.1015536"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.989-994.1930","article-title":"A P2P Resource Management Model Based on Cloud Computing","volume":"989\u2013994","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.690","article-title":"Economic models for resource management and scheduling in Grid computing","volume":"13\u201315","author":"Buyya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kishor, A., Niyogi, R., Chronopoulos, A., and Zomaya, A. (2021). Latency and Energy-Aware Load Balancing in Cloud Data Centers: A Bargaining Game Based Approach. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput.","DOI":"10.1145\/3412841.3442070"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2017.04.006","article-title":"Non-cooperative power and latency aware load balancing in distributed data centers","volume":"107","author":"Tripathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parallel Dist. Comp."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1001.2011.03833","article-title":"Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks with QoS Requirements on Heterogeneous Clusters","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Softw."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"626","article-title":"Resource Input Behavior in Collaborative Innovation: Based on Revenue Sharing Mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotani, T., and Gotoh, Y. (2019). High-Performance Computing Environment with Cooperation Between Supercomputer and Cloud. Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33509-0_40"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2018.022171664","article-title":"Cloud Automation and Economic Efficiency","volume":"2","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baun, C., Kunze, M., Nimis, J., and Tai, S. (2011). Economic Considerations. Cloud Computing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20917-8"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2314861","article-title":"Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Using the Uncertainty Principle of Game Theory","volume":"2","author":"Pillai","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Li, K., and Li, K. (2020). Explorations of Game Theory Applied in Cloud Computing. Scalable Computing and Communications, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43795-4_3"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nezarat, A., and Dastghaibifard, G. (2015). Efficient Nash Equilibrium Resource Allocation Based on Game Theory Mechanism in Cloud Computing by Using Auction. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138424"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102864","article-title":"A Trust Game Model of Service Cooperation in Cloud Computing","volume":"2021","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greif, A. (2002). Chapter 52 Economic history and game theory. Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0005(02)03015-1"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuomela, R. (2000). Cooperation and Cooperative Game Theory. Cooperation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9594-0"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/ijet.12039","article-title":"Cooperation in the repeated prisoner\u2019s dilemma game with local interaction and local communication","volume":"3","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Econ. Theory"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1146.2011.00384","article-title":"A Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Context Similarity for Mobile Users","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Electron. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7036357","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7036357","article-title":"Research on Book Recommendation Algorithm Based on Collaborative Filtering and Interest Degree","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.20","article-title":"A highly practical approach toward achieving minimum data sets storage cost in the cloud","volume":"24","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2007.1013","article-title":"Selfish Grids: Game-Theoretic Modeling and NAS\/PSA Benchmark Evaluation","volume":"5","author":"Kwok","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yassine, A., Nazari Shirehjini, A.A., and Shirmohammadi, S. (2015). Smart Meters Big Data: Game Theoretic Model for Fair Data Sharing in Deregulated Smart Grids. IEEE Access, 2743\u20132754.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2504503"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900195","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.900195","article-title":"Entrepreneurship education-infiltrated computer-aided instruction system for college Music Majors using convolutional neural network","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, L., Du, L., and Guo, Y. (2021). Semi-Supervised SAR Target Detection Based on an Improved Faster R-CNN. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010143"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26752","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2900982","article-title":"A Coalitional Game-Theoretic Framework for Cooperative Data Exchange Using Instantly Decodable Network Coding","volume":"7","author":"Zayene","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2005.05.013","article-title":"A pricing strategy for job allocation in mobile grids using a non-cooperative bargaining theory framework","volume":"11","author":"Ghosh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3554727","article-title":"A Survey of Natural Language Generation","volume":"55","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montet, C., and Serra, D. (2003). Bargaining: From Non-Cooperative to Cooperative Games. Game Theory and Economics, Macmillan Education.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-08289-3"}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/2\/50\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:08:08Z","timestamp":1760119688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/2\/50"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["systems11020050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems11020050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]}}}