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A mixed traffic flow model is established. Then, an autonomous vehicle model is improved to investigate the impact of six route guidance strategies. The selected strategies are specifically evaluated in a double-route scenario, considering both single-exit and dual-exit configurations. Three indicators are chosen to evaluate traffic efficiency, including traffic flow, average speed and quantity of vehicles. Consumption per unit flux is the indicator of energy consumption level. Simulation results show that autonomous vehicles can improve traffic efficiency and reduce energy consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11070347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1688950055000},"page":"347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic Efficiency and Energy Consumption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bokui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Yaohui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou 510530, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kechagias, E.P., Gayialis, S.P., Konstantakopoulos, G.D., and Papadopoulos, G.A. 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