{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1785528701690,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22BJL135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22BJL135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Government policy is crucial to control air pollution, while industrial structure upgrading and green technology progress are needed to optimize air pollution control performance (APCP). Meanwhile, policy spillovers from one region to another affect the APCP. This study applied systems theory to explain the mechanisms that drive both environmental policy spillover and APCP. We evaluated the APCPs of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2006 to 2020 using a super-efficiency SBM-DEA model. We then analyzed the paths by which industry and technology drive APCP using a spatial Durbin model (SDM) and investigated heterogeneity across different regional governance groups. The effects generated by the regulatory spillover of air pollutants were decomposed into four subsystems: chain transmission effect, vibration effect, ripple effect, and halo effect. The results show the following: (1) Throughout the study period, the APCP of most of the regional governance groups in the Yangtze River Delta region showed a fluctuating trend with continuous improvement. The APCP was higher and more stable in the Zhejiang Province in the southeast, and lower and more drastic in the Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces in the north, and shows a significant positive spatial correlation. (2) Industrial structure upgrading and green technology progress had different impact paths on the APCP. Industrial structure upgrading had a significant indirect contribution to the APCP, but the direct effect was not significant. Green technology progress had a significant direct inhibitory effect and an indirect promoting effect on the APCP. (3) In the optimization path of the APCP, industrial structure upgrading played a more important role than green technology progress, but they did not reinforce each other\u2019s enhancement of the APCP. (4) There was regional heterogeneity in the impacts of industry and technology on the APCP. The paths and actual effects of industry and technology on the APCP varied greatly among different regional governance groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11080418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:33:23Z","timestamp":1691750003000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spillover Effects and Performance Optimization of Air Pollution Control Policies: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Region, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7416-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanming","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"},{"name":"School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binkai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"},{"name":"School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00472336.2016.1203011","article-title":"The \u201cGreening\u201d of China: Progress, Limitations, and Contradictions","volume":"47","author":"Piovani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Asia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., and Sun, Y. (2023). The Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Urban Land Green Use Efficiency and Its Spatio-Temporal Pattern: Evidence from 283 Cities in China. Land, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/land12040824"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsciurbeco.2017.04.001","article-title":"A new method for dealing simultaneously with spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity in regression models","volume":"72","author":"Geniaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Sci. Urban Econ."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China","volume":"21","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustain. Comput.-Inform. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/10967490903547134","article-title":"Economics, Public Service Motivation, and Pay for Performance: Complements or Substitutes?","volume":"13","author":"Langbein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Public Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-016-1341-9","article-title":"Spatial-temporal characteristics of PM2.5 in China: A city-level perspective analysis","volume":"26","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2013.11.007","article-title":"Estimating the cost of air pollution in South East Queensland: An application of the life satisfaction non-market valuation approach","volume":"97","author":"Ambrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"660","article-title":"Analysis of visibility characteristics and connecting factors over the Yangtze River Delta Region during winter time","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2015.01.003","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between 31 Chinese cities and their relationships with SO2, NO2, CO and O-3","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.09.048","article-title":"Review of relationship between indoor and outdoor particles: I\/O ratio, infiltration factor and penetration factor","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62693-8","article-title":"Haze, air pollution, and health in China","volume":"382","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.067","article-title":"Associations between urban air pollution and pediatric asthma control in El Paso, Texas","volume":"448","author":"Zora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.06.009","article-title":"Association of air pollution with cognitive functions and its modification by APOE gene variants in elderly women","volume":"142","author":"Schikowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"74","article-title":"Dynamic correlation and causes of urban haze pollution","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"24","article-title":"Air Pollution Regional Linkage Control and Prevention from the Perspective of Environmental Regulation\u2014\u2014The Scheme Design, State Evaluation and Influencing Factors Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Ind. Econ."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"88","article-title":"The dilemma of the regional collaborative governance of haze pollution and its solution ideas in China","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"15","article-title":"Study on the Policy Overflow Effect of the Intellectual Property Rich Regions in China","volume":"31","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Sci. Manag. S. T."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"145","article-title":"Soft Institution, Public Recognition and Efficiency of Air Pollution Abatement","volume":"25","author":"Lan","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115198","article-title":"Urban and industrial environmental pollution control in China: An analysis of capital input, efficiency and influencing factors","volume":"316","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0297.2004.00224.x","article-title":"Non parametric efficiency measurement","volume":"114","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/en4081211","article-title":"A General Mathematical Framework for Calculating Systems-Scale Efficiency of Energy Extraction and Conversion: Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Other Energy Return Ratios","volume":"4","author":"Brandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Liu, L., and Sun, Y. (2023). The Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Regional Coordinated Development in the Common Prosperity Demonstration Zone\u2014Evidence from Zhejiang Province. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15042939"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9782-3","article-title":"Assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units","volume":"137","author":"Lou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-008-0075-z","article-title":"Contributing institutional factors of rural environmental pollution in the process of modernization in China -In the perspective of the efficiency of environmental management system","volume":"3","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2667","article-title":"Evaluation of urban environmental efficiency in China under high quality development conditions","volume":"39","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.07.017","article-title":"Industrial structural transformation and carbon dioxide emissions in China","volume":"57","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2021.105247","article-title":"Environmental regulation, green technology innovation, and industrial structure upgrading: The road to the green transformation of Chinese cities","volume":"98","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-349X(00)00023-0","article-title":"Productivity growth in Asian manufacturing: The structural bonus hypothesis examined","volume":"11","author":"Timmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Struct. Chang. Econ. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1086\/451588","article-title":"A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND OTHER CHANGES IN PHILIPPINE RICE FARMING, 1965\u20131982","volume":"35","author":"Herdt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Econ. Dev. Cult. Change"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"100","article-title":"Local-Neighborhood Effect of Green Technology of Environmental Regulation","volume":"370","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Ind. Econ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.05.114","article-title":"Green R&D for eco-innovation and its impact on carbon emissions and firm performance","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"48","article-title":"Whether green innovation can adapt to climate change: An empirical study of China\u2019s patent and GHG emission data","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.9.4.97","article-title":"TOWARD A New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship","volume":"9","author":"Porter","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"211","article-title":"State governance system and innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises A quasi natural experiment based on inspection supervision","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.327","article-title":"Can low-carbon city construction facilitate green growth? Evidence from China\u2019s pilot low-carbon city initiative","volume":"231","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1108\/K-02-2022-0279","article-title":"Economic growth, industrial structure upgrading and environmental pollution: Evidence from China","volume":"52","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamaguchi, Y. (2023). Pollution havens and agglomeration: The effect of globalization and technological spillover. Appl. Econ., 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/00036846.2023.2186361"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2008.09.003","article-title":"Pollution havens and industrial agglomeration","volume":"58","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/17487870.2019.1631598","article-title":"Environmental policy effects: An R&D-based economic growth model with endogenous labour supply","volume":"24","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Econ. Policy Reform"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prigogine, I., and Lefever, R. (1975). Stability and Self-Organization in Open Systems, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470143810.ch1"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Prigogine, N.G. (1977). Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium System from Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuation, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"77","article-title":"Research on Regional Performance Improvement of Intellectual Property Policy from Perspective of Policy Overflow: Based on Empirical Analysis of China\u2019s 29 Provinces","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Sci. Manag. S. T."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"73","article-title":"China\u2019s Economic Policy Choices for Governing Smog Pollution Based on Spatial Spillover Effects","volume":"51","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econ. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"118","article-title":"Haze Governance, Local Competition and Industrial Green Transformation","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Ind. Econ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00324-1","article-title":"A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis","volume":"143","author":"Tone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.39.10.1261","article-title":"A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis","volume":"39","author":"Andersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-011-0158-4","article-title":"Dynamic spatial panels: Models, methods, and inferences","volume":"14","author":"Elhorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-009-0087-7","article-title":"A sampling approach to estimate the log determinant used in spatial likelihood problems","volume":"11","author":"Pace","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Syst."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8974","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-020-01007-2","article-title":"Spatial-temporal evolution and regional difference decomposition of urban environmental governance efficiency in China","volume":"23","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.07.012","article-title":"The impacts of renewable energy, financial inclusivity, globalization, economic growth, and urbanization on carbon productivity: Evidence from net moderation and mediation effects of energy efficiency gains","volume":"196","author":"Murshed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"2743","article-title":"The spatio-temporal evolutionary pattern and driving forces mechanism of green technology innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"104","article-title":"Efficiency and Dynamic Analysis of Urban Industrial Air Pollution Control\u2014Based on Three-stage Super-efficiency SBM-DEA Model","volume":"45","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hebei GEO Univ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.103","article-title":"Industrial structure, technical progress and carbon intensity in China\u2019s provinces","volume":"81","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.06.010","article-title":"Do green technology innovations contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction? Empirical evidence from patent data","volume":"146","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"182","article-title":"Further Inspection towards the Relationship between Environmental Regulation and Air Pollution Abatement: Threshold Effect Analysis Based on Economic Growth","volume":"36","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"167","article-title":"The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Air Quality in China\u2019s Urban Agglomerations","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2020.106547","article-title":"Assessing the influence of urban transportation infrastructure construction on haze pollution in China: A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tie, X., Long, X., Dai, W., and Brasseur, G.P. (2017). Surface PM2.5, Satellite Distribution of Atmospheric Optical Depth and Related, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59489-7_23"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113023","article-title":"Using Bayesian spatio-temporal model to determine the socio-economic and meteorological factors influencing ambient PM2.5 levels in 109 Chinese cities","volume":"254","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"2742","article-title":"The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of collaborative governance of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region","volume":"41","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2021.101606","article-title":"The hit of the novel coronavirus outbreak to China\u2019s economy","volume":"67","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Wan, Y., and Zhao, Z. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on economy, air pollution and income: Evidence from China. Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-023-02450-z"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00712-003-0589-6","article-title":"Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data","volume":"80","author":"Christopeit","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Econ. Z. Fur Natl."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10042857.2018.1433811","article-title":"Land institution of China: Overall framework, structural evolution, and regulation intensity","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"136","article-title":"Does Environmental Regulation Improve the Quantity and Quality of Green Innovation\u2014Evidence from the Target Responsibility System of Environmental Protection","volume":"395","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Ind. Econ."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"81","article-title":"Strategies for functionally graded lattice structures derived using topology optimisation for Additive Manufacturing","volume":"19","author":"Panesar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addit. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6451.00070","article-title":"Environmental regulation, investment timing, and technology choice","volume":"46","author":"Gray","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ind. Econ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2307\/256737","article-title":"Pollution regulation as a barrier to new firm entry\u2014Initial evidence and implications for future-research","volume":"38","author":"Dean","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2307\/2118421","article-title":"North-South trade and the environment","volume":"109","author":"Copeland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2004.11.001","article-title":"Control of SO2 emissions from power plants: A case of induced technological innovation in the US","volume":"72","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11123-008-0108-4","article-title":"Environmental regulation and productivity: Testing the Porter hypothesis","volume":"30","author":"Lanoie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Product. Anal."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"125","article-title":"Spatial differences of urban land use ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its interactive spillover effects with industrial structure upgrading","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Popul. Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"55","article-title":"Tracing the Spatial Sources of Manufacturing Agglomeration in China:An Integrated Perspective Based on Marshall Externalities and New Economic Geography","volume":"229","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Manag. World"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Does cross-regional natural conservation reduce the investment of conservation funds: Spatial effect analysis based on Conservation Biology","volume":"38","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/8\/418\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:31:33Z","timestamp":1760128293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/8\/418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["systems11080418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems11080418","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]}}}