{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:40:52Z","timestamp":1783986052147,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Top-tier Undergraduate Course Project","award":["42020210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42020210"]}]},{"name":"Top-tier Undergraduate Course Project","award":["KG16250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KG16250001"]}]},{"name":"Top-tier Undergraduate Course Project","award":["BYESS2023287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYESS2023287"]}]},{"name":"Cutting-edge Interdisciplinary Project","award":["42020210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42020210"]}]},{"name":"Cutting-edge Interdisciplinary Project","award":["KG16250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KG16250001"]}]},{"name":"Cutting-edge Interdisciplinary Project","award":["BYESS2023287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYESS2023287"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of Beijing Association for Science and Technology","award":["42020210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42020210"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of Beijing Association for Science and Technology","award":["KG16250001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KG16250001"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program of Beijing Association for Science and Technology","award":["BYESS2023287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYESS2023287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an age where computing capabilities are expanding at a breathtaking pace, the advent of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) technology presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the future of design. It is crucial for designers to investigate how to utilize this powerful tool to facilitate innovation effectively. As AIGC technology evolves, it will inevitably shift the expectations of designers, compelling them to delve deeper into the essence of design creativity, transcending traditional sketching or modeling skills. This study provides valuable insights for designers on leveraging AIGC for forward-thinking design innovation. We focus on the representative AIGC tool, \u201cMidjourney\u201d, to explore its integration into design systems for collaborative innovation among content creators. We introduce an AIGC-based Midjourney path for product design and present a supporting tool card set: AMP-Cards. To confirm their utility, we undertook extensive validation through advanced prototype design research, task-specific project practices, and interdisciplinary collaborative seminars. Our findings indicate that AIGC can considerably enhance designers\u2019 efficiency during product development, especially in the \u201cexplorative product shape\u201d phase. The technology excels in identifying design styles and quickly producing varied design solutions. Moreover, AIGC\u2019s capacity to swiftly translate creators\u2019 concepts into visual forms greatly aids in multidisciplinary team communication and innovation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11120566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1701667701000},"page":"566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["The Exploration of Integrating the Midjourney Artificial Intelligence Generated Content Tool into Design Systems to Direct Designers towards Future-Oriented Innovation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hu","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Academy of Art and Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2331-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Li, S., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Dai, Y., Yu, P.S., and Sun, L. (2023). A comprehensive survey of ai-generated content (aigc): A history of generative ai from gan to chatgpt. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ject.2023.08.001","article-title":"A study on ChatGPT for Industry 4.0: Background, Potentials, Challenges, and Eventualities","volume":"1","author":"Javaid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Econ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Tencent Research Institute (2023, May 25). Tencent Research Institute AIGC Development Trend Report. Available online: https:\/\/www.iotku.com\/News\/783389487429320704.html."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.54097\/hset.v57i.10008","article-title":"AIGC Assisted Generation Craft Based on Dialogue Interface","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Highlights Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Xi, Z., Chen, W., Guo, X., He, W., Ding, Y., Hong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Jin, S., and Zhou, E. (2023). The rise and potential of large language model based agents: A survey. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Zhang, C., Zheng, S., Qiao, Y., Li, C., Zhang, M., Dam, S.K., Thwal, C.M., Tun, Y.L., and Huy, L.L. (2023). A complete survey on generative ai (aigc): Is chatgpt from gpt-4 to gpt-5 all you need?. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2023, October 07). Divam Gupta. DifusionBee\u2014Stable Difusion App for AI Art. Available online: https:\/\/diffusionbee.com\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01102","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202342601102","article-title":"Leveraging Generative AI Solutions in Art and Design Education: Bridging Sustainable Creativity and Fostering Academic Integrity for Innovative Society","volume":"Volume 426","author":"Fathoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"E3S Web of Conferences"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/14626260902867915","article-title":"What is generative art?","volume":"20","author":"Boden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Digit. Creat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomasello, M. (2014). A Natural History of Human Thinking, Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674726369"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook Working Group (2015). Systems Engineering Handbook, INCOSE. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2022.03.002","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and knowledge management: A partnership between human and AI","volume":"66","author":"Jarrahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2023, January 13). Kevin Kelly. What AI-Generated Art Really Means for Human Creativity. Available online: https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/picture-limitless-creativity-ai-image-generators\/."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, J.J.Y., He, S., and Adar, E. (2022, January 13\u201317). Artist support networks: Implications for future creativity support tools. Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, Virtual.","DOI":"10.1145\/3532106.3533505"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sheji.2023.05.003","article-title":"How Might We Help Designers Understand Systems?","volume":"9","author":"Dubberly","year":"2023","journal-title":"She Ji J. Des. Econ. Innov."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Hugo, J. (2023, May 17). Artificial Intelligence in the Industrial Design Process. Available online: https:\/\/hj.diva-portal.org\/smash\/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1769813&dswid=-3529."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verheijden, M.P., and Funk, M. (2023, January 23\u201328). Collaborative Diffusion: Boosting Designerly Co-Creation with Generative AI. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Hamburg, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585680"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Caires, C.S., Estadieu, G., and Olga Ng Ka Man, S. (2023). Perspectives on Design and Digital Communication IV: Research, Innovations and Best Practices, Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16757","article-title":"What\u2019s in a text-to-image prompt? The potential of stable diffusion in visual arts education","volume":"9","author":"Dehouche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, Y.M. (2023, February 12). The Role of Generative AI in Industrial Design: Enhancing the Design Process and Learning. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/.","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2024.0303"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Liang, D., and Wang, L. (2011, January 17\u201318). Teaching System Design of \u201cSystems Engineering\u201d Curriculum in Industrial Engineering. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Materials and Information Technology Processing (AMITP 2011), Guangzhou, China."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.01.115","article-title":"Systems engineering research methods","volume":"16","author":"Muller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Forsgren, J., and Schr\u00f6der, H. (2023, April 12). Can AI perform the work of human designers?: A qualitative study on the impact of AI on digital design professions. Available online: https:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-62053."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"581","article-title":"Complexity in Engineering","volume":"2","author":"Suh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. CIRP"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monat, J.P., and Gannon, T.F. (2018). Applying systems thinking to engineering and design. Systems, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems6030034"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sheji.2023.04.005","article-title":"Reconsidering Representation in College Design Curricula","volume":"9","author":"Offenhuber","year":"2023","journal-title":"She Ji J. Des. Econ. Innov."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"277","article-title":"Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Case Appl. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effect of visual quality and animation of design representations on users\u2019 responses to early design concepts: A study on the adaptive patient room concept","volume":"9","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Des."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gauthier, G., Frasson, C., and VanLehn, K. (2000). Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45108-0"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-002-0023-z","article-title":"Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Res. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordanous, A., and Keller, B. (2016). Modeling creativity: Identifying key components through a corpus-based approach. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162959"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"al Rifaie, M.M., and McGregor, S. (2016). AISB Symposium on Computational Creativity (CC2016), AISB."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulus, P., and Kenworthy, J. (2019). The Oxfordhandbook of Group Creativity and Innovation, Oxford Library of Psychology.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190648077.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corazza, G.E., and Agnoli, S. (2016). Multidisciplinary Contributions to the Science of Creative Thinking, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-287-618-8"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2022.101094","article-title":"Decoding the agility of artificial intelligence-assisted human design teams","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.H., and Chiu, C.Y. (2023, January 23\u201328). The Impact of AI Text-to-Image Generator on Product Styling Design. Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Copenhagen, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35132-7_38"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamin, J.J., Berger, A., Merrill, N., and Pierce, J. (2021, January 8\u201313). Machine learning uncertainty as a design material: A post-phenomenological inquiry. Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Yokohama, Japan.","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445481"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C.C., Jaech, A., Li, X., Gormley, M.R., and Eisner, J. (2021, January 6\u201311). Limitations of autoregressive models and their alternatives. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2021, Online.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.405"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2020.100285","article-title":"A comprehensive survey and analysis of generative models in machine learning","volume":"38","author":"Harshvardhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.S., O\u2019Brien, J., Cai, C.J., Morris, M.R., Liang, P., and Bernstein, M.S. (2023). Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. arXiv.","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"27","article-title":"Impaction of artificial intelligence on interaction design","volume":"38","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Packag. Eng."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/12\/566\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:37:15Z","timestamp":1760132235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/11\/12\/566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["systems11120566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems11120566","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}