{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T23:19:22Z","timestamp":1768346362001,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02J20E500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02J20E500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The value stream method, a key tool in industry to analyze and visualize value streams in production, aims to holistically optimize process steps, reduce waste, and achieve continuous material flow. However, this method primarily relies on data from a single on-site inspection, which is subjective and represents just a snapshot of the process. This limitation can lead to uncertainty and potentially incorrect decisions, especially in industries producing customer-specific products. The increasing digitization in production offers a solution to this limitation by supporting the method through data provision. The concept of the digital shadow emerges as a key tool that systematically captures, processes, and integrates necessary data into a model to enhance traditional value stream mapping. This addresses the method\u2019s shortcomings, especially in heterogeneous IT landscapes and complex value streams. To effectively implement the digital shadow this study identifies concepts of digital shadows and their key components and evaluates them for their relevance in industrial environments using an expert study. Based on the results, a design model is defined. This model entails guidelines to support companies with the practical implementation of the digital shadow of a value stream. Lastly, the model is evaluated on a realistic value stream in a learning factory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T10:48:06Z","timestamp":1704797286000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Design Model for the Digital Shadow of a Value Stream"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4984-2749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Frick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Terwolbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHITE LION Dry Ice & Laser Cleaning Technology GmbH, 64367 M\u00fchltal, Germany"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Seibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Metternich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Challenges and Approaches to Competency Development for Future Production","volume":"12","author":"Adolph","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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