{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T14:07:21Z","timestamp":1792937241846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013254","name":"National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202310403027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202310403027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to the escalating global climate change, countries are progressively adopting green public finance as a crucial instrument for achieving carbon neutrality. This study considers energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) in demonstration cities\u2019 construction as a natural experiment and verifies the effect of green public finance on total carbon emissions (TCEs) and carbon emission intensity (CEI) by using a difference-in-differences (DID) model with the help of the panel data of 276 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2019. The empirical results indicate that (1) the ECER policy effectively reduces CEs in the demonstration cities, resulting in a reduction of TCEs by 13.13% and CEI by 12.90%; (2) the ECER policy can help optimize energy structure, accelerate green technology innovation, and improve energy efficiency, thus promoting \u201cdual control\u201d of CEs; and (3) the CE reduction effect of the ECER policy is stronger in western cities, southern cities, lower-administrative-level cities, and cities with weaker financial strength, which has a typical \u201csupporting the weak\u201d effect. Based on this, we conclude that green public finance is conducive to promoting \u201cdual control\u201d of CEs. Our conclusions not only enrich the theoretical research on green public finance but also provide governments with empirical evidence to implement more effective green public finance policies and expedite carbon neutrality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12040123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T03:11:33Z","timestamp":1712545893000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Green Public Finance and \u201cDual Control\u201d of Carbon Emissions: New Evidence from China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0958-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changfei","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of City Construction, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bir.2021.03.002","article-title":"The role of green finance in reducing CO2 emissions: An empirical analysis","volume":"22","author":"Meo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Borsa Istanb. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2018.06.009","article-title":"Outlook of the EU energy system up to 2050: The case of scenarios prepared for European Commission\u2019s \u201cclean energy for all Europeans\u201d package using the PRIMES model","volume":"22","author":"Capros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Strategy Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2023.104614","article-title":"Economic instruments for natural resource efficiency: The role of carbon taxation and fiscal policy","volume":"89","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.01.047","article-title":"Role of renewable energy and fiscal policy on trade adjusted carbon emissions: Evaluating the role of environmental policy stringency","volume":"205","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127723","article-title":"Asymmetric nexus between economic policy uncertainty, renewable energy technology budgets, and environmental sustainability: Evidence from the United States","volume":"313","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.01.166","article-title":"Impact of energy saving and emission reduction policy on urban sustainable development: Empirical evidence from China","volume":"239","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42520-4","article-title":"The impact of China\u2019s energy saving and emission reduction demonstration city policy on urban green technology innovation","volume":"13","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.04.030","article-title":"Can \u201cenergy saving and emission reduction\u201d demonstration city selection actually contribute to pollution abatement in China?","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111966","article-title":"The dynamic effect of environmental regulation on firms\u2019 energy consumption behavior-Evidence from China\u2019s industrial firms","volume":"156","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2022.02.008","article-title":"Environmental decentralization, digital finance and green technology innovation","volume":"61","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Struct. Chang. Econ. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116544","article-title":"How does financial and manufacturing co-agglomeration affect environmental pollution? Evidence from China","volume":"325","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e554","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.554","article-title":"Social science perspectives on drivers of and responses to global climate change","volume":"10","author":"Jorgenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01435-8","article-title":"Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: A review","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2023.103746","article-title":"Breaking down the complexity of sustainable development: A focus on resources, economic complexity, and innovation","volume":"83","author":"Safi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eap.2023.07.016","article-title":"Government environmental attention and carbon emissions governance: Firm-level evidence from China","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Econ. Anal. Policy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2022.103268","article-title":"How does natural resource dependence influence carbon emissions? The role of environmental regulation","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2023.104552","article-title":"Does digital inclusive finance affect urban carbon emission intensity: Evidence from 285 cities in China","volume":"142","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158403","article-title":"Digital economy, energy efficiency, and carbon emissions: Evidence from provincial panel data in China","volume":"852","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/1477-8947.12258","article-title":"Can digital economy alleviate CO2 emissions in the transport sector? Evidence from provincial panel data in China","volume":"Volume 46","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Natural Resources Forum"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.04.017","article-title":"Does innovation respond to climate change? Empirical evidence from patents and greenhouse gas emissions","volume":"122","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.113338","article-title":"Green technology innovation and CO2 emission in China: Evidence from a spatial-temporal analysis and a nonlinear spatial durbin model","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.10.022","article-title":"On the goals of sustainable production and the conditions of environmental sustainability: Does cyclical innovation in green and sustainable technologies determine carbon dioxide emissions in G-7 economies","volume":"29","author":"Khattak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Prod. Consum."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2023.106560","article-title":"Do green finance and innovation matter for environmental protection? A case of OECD economies","volume":"119","author":"Umar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156463","article-title":"Influence of digital finance and green technology innovation on China\u2019s carbon emission efficiency: Empirical analysis based on spatial metrology","volume":"838","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2023.103911","article-title":"How do the exploitation of natural resources and fiscal policy affect green growth? Moderating role of ecological governance in G7 countries","volume":"85","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126035","article-title":"Mitigations pathways towards sustainable development: Assessing the influence of fiscal and monetary policies on carbon emissions in BRICS economies","volume":"292","author":"Chishti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamal, M., Usman, M., Jahanger, A., and Balsalobre-Lorente, D. (2021). Revisiting the role of fiscal policy, financial development, and foreign direct investment in reducing environmental pollution during globalization mode: Evidence from linear and nonlinear panel data approaches. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14216968"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-021-01096-5","article-title":"The role of Chinese fiscal decentralization in the governance of carbon emissions: Perspectives from spatial effects decomposition and its heterogeneity","volume":"68","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, W., Hou, X., and Qin, G. (2023). Research on the Carbon Emission Reduction Effect of Green Taxation under China\u2019s Fiscal Decentralization. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054591"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1177\/1070496516687344","article-title":"New financing for sustainable development: The case for NNP-or inclusive wealth\u2013linked bonds","volume":"26","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123443","article-title":"Can the current environmental tax rate promote green technology innovation?-Evidence from China\u2019s resource-based industries","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10644-022-09392-6","article-title":"Nexus between fiscal imbalances, green fiscal spending, and green economic growth: Empirical findings from E-7 economies","volume":"55","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Econ. Chang. Restruct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.121952","article-title":"Optimal green technology investment and emission reduction in emissions generating companies under the support of green bond and subsidy","volume":"183","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2292","article-title":"Composite fiscal decentralisation and green innovation: Imperative strategy for institutional reforms and sustainable development in OECD countries","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Han, S., Zhang, Y., and Huang, Q. (2021). Evaluating the effect of government emission reduction policy: Evidence from demonstration cities in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094649"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115286","article-title":"China\u2019s efforts towards carbon neutrality: Does energy-saving and emission-reduction policy mitigate carbon emissions?","volume":"316","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.57.9.705","article-title":"Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey","volume":"57","author":"Locke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Wang, J., and Wang, S. (2022). The impact of energy tax on carbon emission mitigation: An integrated analysis using CGE and SDA. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031087"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.105084","article-title":"Can subsidies rather than pollution taxes break the trade-off between economic output and environmental protection?","volume":"95","author":"Spataro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111609","article-title":"The causal effect on firm performance of China\u2019s financing\u2013pollution emission reduction policy: Firm-level evidence","volume":"279","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2022.105852","article-title":"One man\u2019s loss is another\u2019s gain: Does clean energy development reduce CO2 emissions in China? Evidence based on the spatial Durbin model","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34055","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17985-3","article-title":"Roadmap for carbon neutrality: The mediating role of clean energy development-related investments","volume":"29","author":"Kurramovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122507","article-title":"Smart city and green development: Empirical evidence from the perspective of green technological innovation","volume":"191","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2021.105269","article-title":"Heterogeneous green innovations and carbon emission performance: Evidence at China\u2019s city level","volume":"99","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.03.097","article-title":"Environmental innovations and profitability: How does it pay to be green? An empirical analysis on the German innovation survey","volume":"75","author":"Ghisetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119122","article-title":"Heterogeneous effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy on carbon emissions: Evidence from developing countries","volume":"247","author":"Akram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2021.112557","article-title":"Unveiling the driving factors of carbon emissions from industrial resource allocation in China: A spatial econometric perspective","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.179","article-title":"A top-bottom method for city-scale energy-related CO2 emissions estimation: A case study of 41 Chinese cities","volume":"202","author":"Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.075","article-title":"Methodology and applications of city level CO2 emission accounts in China","volume":"161","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14677","article-title":"Reduced carbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China","volume":"524","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117553","article-title":"How does financial development influence carbon emission intensity in the OECD countries: Some insights from the information and communication technology perspective","volume":"335","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.12.106","article-title":"Modelling the CO2 emissions and economic growth in Croatia: Is there any environmental Kuznets curve?","volume":"123","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41553","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25169-4","article-title":"Can carbon emission trading pilot policy drive industrial structure low-carbon restructuring: New evidence from China","volume":"30","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2023.106859","article-title":"Central inspections of environmental protection and transition for low-carbon Chinese cities: Policy intervention and mechanism analysis","volume":"124","author":"Razzaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2022.102876","article-title":"The nexus of carbon emissions, oil price volatility, and human capital efficiency","volume":"78","author":"Umar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2022.107734","article-title":"The impacts of household structure transitions on household carbon emissions in China","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2240","article-title":"Influence of growth and urbanization on CO2 emissions: The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on energy use in BRICS","volume":"30","author":"Driha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31330","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17508-0","article-title":"Reinvestigating the pollution haven hypothesis: The nexus between foreign direct investments and environmental quality in G-20 countries","volume":"29","author":"Musah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.001","article-title":"Carbon emission of global construction sector","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eap.2024.02.020","article-title":"Place-based policy and urban green technology innovation: Evidence from the revitalization of old revolutionary base areas in China","volume":"81","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. Anal. Policy"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpr025","article-title":"Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies","volume":"20","author":"Hainmueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Political Anal."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of government informatization construction on corporate digital technology innovation: New evidence from China","volume":"33","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bus. Ethics Environ. Responsib."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117363","article-title":"Can low-carbon city construction reduce carbon intensity? Empirical evidence from low-carbon city pilot policy in China","volume":"332","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2022.2050685","article-title":"Re-examining the effect of China\u2019s new-energy demonstration cities construction policy on environmental pollution: A perspective of pollutant emission intensity control","volume":"65","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Plan. Manag."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2017.03.004","article-title":"Does environmental regulation indirectly induce upstream innovation? New evidence from India","volume":"46","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Policy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, Y., Ye, S., and Yu, H. (2021). Can industrial collaborative agglomeration reduce haze pollution? City-level empirical evidence from China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041566"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143744","article-title":"Heterogeneous impacts of environmental regulations and foreign direct investment on green innovation across different regions in China","volume":"759","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, M., and Wang, Y. (2023). Do Green Transfer Payments Contribute to Carbon Emission Reduction?. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15054021"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-110615-085934","article-title":"Carbon lock-in: Types, causes, and policy implications","volume":"41","author":"Seto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.123568","article-title":"Factor decomposition and the decoupling effect of carbon emissions in China\u2019s manufacturing high-emission subsectors","volume":"248","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsciurbeco.2015.12.003","article-title":"Strategic interaction in political competition: Evidence from spatial effects across Chinese cities","volume":"57","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg. Sci. Urban Econ."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/12\/4\/123\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:24:18Z","timestamp":1760106258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/12\/4\/123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["systems12040123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems12040123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]}}}