{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:55:12Z","timestamp":1775843712776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the primary concerns and challenges encountered in the construction industry is the emergence of crucial factors instigating project delays throughout the construction project lifecycle (CPL). The critical delay factors (CDFs) are the significant factors that not only cause project delays but also create obstacles and bottlenecks for the projects. Hence, the current study aims to determine CDFs affecting project completions and ameliorates the adverse situation by developing relevant bottleneck management strategies. To achieve this goal, a desktop review of previous research studies was undertaken to identify the CDFs in the CPL. The brainstorming technique was further utilized to filter the identified CDFs and match them to the context of developing countries, using Iran as a case example. Finally, an empirical questionnaire was created that included 22 CDFs divided into three distinct groups. The questionnaire\u2019s validity and reliability were checked and validated before massive distribution to target respondents. Sixty industry experts appraised the identified CDFs in the CPL based on two assessment criteria: the severity of impact and probability of occurrence. The findings revealed that the groups with the most significant level of impact (out of 5 points) are project planning and design (2.29), construction and delivery (1.99), and policymaking and legislation (1.72). Similarly, the groups of project planning and design (2.30), construction and delivery (2.20), and policymaking and legislation (1.5) were ranked from first to third based on the probability of occurrence. According to the survey findings, the project planning and design stage is the most optimal time to mitigate the impact of project delays. Moreover, the study posited some pragmatic recommendations as bottleneck management strategies for ameliorating the identified CDFs for future projects. The study deliverables can serve as an effective tool for project stakeholders and decision makers to diminish the impact on and penetration of CDFs into building construction projects and enhance the delivery path leading to project success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12060195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T10:05:50Z","timestamp":1717581950000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deploying Bottleneck Management Strategies for Ameliorating Critical Delays in Building Construction Projects: A Case for Developing Country of Iran"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81595-39998, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Sarvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Built Environment, Millennium Point, City Centre Campus, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Built Environment, Millennium Point, City Centre Campus, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W. M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3380-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy O.","family":"Olawumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering, and Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/01446190801905406","article-title":"Problems causing delays in major construction projects in Thailand Problems causing delays in major construction projects in Thailand","volume":"26","author":"Toor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Constr. Manag. 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