{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:07:24Z","timestamp":1791648444995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"[the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Youth Science Fund Project]","award":["52209034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52209034"]}]},{"name":"[the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Youth Science Fund Project]","award":["20JT052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JT052"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department","award":["52209034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52209034"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Program Funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department","award":["20JT052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JT052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate handling of the relationships between economy, society, and environment in urban development is an important vision and goal of urban construction. Taking Xi\u2019an as an example, this study established an urban development system dynamics model, including three subsystems (economy, society, and environment), to propose eight different development plans, and data from 2021 to 2025 were simulated in each plan. Finally, based on the simulation data, the entropy weight method and the Epsilon-based measure (EBM) model in data envelopment analysis (DEA) were used to measure the effect and efficiency of development in the city, respectively. The results showed that, in terms of effect, the comprehensive development plan (P8) had the highest score, which was 66.88% higher than the original plan. The plan scores of the double subsystem upgrading plans were higher than those of the single subsystem upgrading plans, indicating that comprehensive development can promote the coordination between subsystems and improve the development level. In terms of efficiency, the environmental (P4), economic\u2013social (P5), economic\u2013environmental (P6), social\u2013environmental (P7), and comprehensive development (P8) plans were all effective according to DEA in each year, with P8 having the highest efficiency score, 1.1129. Therefore, considering the effect and efficiency comprehensively, P8 was considered the optimal plan. This study provides a method for exploring the relationship between variables in the process of urban development and is of great significance for defining an optimal plan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12070259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T13:12:57Z","timestamp":1721394777000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Urban Development Scenario Simulation and Model Research Based on System Dynamics from the Perspective of Effect and Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1691-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Eco-Hydraulics and Sustainable Development, The New Style Think Tank of Shaanxi Universities, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Eco-Hydraulics and Sustainable Development, The New Style Think Tank of Shaanxi Universities, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailun","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Eco-Hydraulics and Sustainable Development, The New Style Think Tank of Shaanxi Universities, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"},{"name":"PowerChina Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.075","article-title":"Air Pollution in China: Status and Spatiotemporal Variations","volume":"227","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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