{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T05:53:30Z","timestamp":1768802010420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52192622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192622"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52374004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52304003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52304003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLGP2022Z018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGP2022Z018"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project","award":["52192622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52192622"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project","award":["52374004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52374004"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project","award":["52304003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52304003"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project","award":["SKLGP2022Z018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGP2022Z018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources are becoming the primary focus in the fossil energy sector, thereby increasing the demand for highly skilled engineers. Colleges and universities play a crucial role in cultivating talent in petroleum engineering. However, the current traditional teaching systems, particularly in experimental practices, face significant challenges, such as low efficiency, limited environments, and a disconnect between theoretical knowledge and practical application. To address these issues and enhance learners\u2019 practical abilities and comprehension, we introduced digital twin technology into the experimental teaching of deep energy exploitation. This paper analyzes innovative pedagogical approaches, with a special emphasis on the real-time visualization of hydraulic fracturing. Supported by the National Key Laboratory of Chengdu University of Technology, our research team developed multiple digital twin platforms for both indoor and onsite hydraulic fracturing. These platforms utilize advanced algorithms and models, enabling real-time data acquisition and visualization analysis. Pilot teaching results demonstrate that the virtual experimental system based on digital twin technology encourages active learner engagement, improves their understanding of digitalization in engineering, and enhances their professional skills in deep oil and gas exploration. The digital twin-based visualization system is a valuable tool for experimental teaching in deep energy exploitation, and its application could serve as a model for other engineering disciplines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12100386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design and Implementation of a Virtual Experimental Teaching System for Deep Energy Exploitation Based on Digital Twin Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Key technologies and countermeasures for deep and ultra-deep gas reservoir development in China","volume":"44","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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