{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:56Z","timestamp":1760146856736,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2019 Guangdong Special Support Talent Program\u2014Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading Team (China)","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}]},{"name":"2018 Guangzhou Leading Innovation Team Program (China)","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Development Fund (Macau SAR)","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375498","2021YFB3301701","2019BT02S593","201909010006","0078\/2021\/A","0140\/2022\/A","0010\/2022\/AMR","21623111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the implementation of China\u2019s mandatory waste sorting policy, the recycling of kitchen waste has become one of the core tasks of waste classification. The problem of designing the locations and the optimization configuration strategy for kitchen waste transfer stations faces great challenges in reconstructing the municipal solid waste collection and transportation system. This paper establishes an integer programming model for the bi-objectives of the location and optimal configuration for a kitchen waste transfer station, with the goal of minimizing the total cost and overall negative environmental impact. An improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy (NSGA-II) is used to solve the problem, resulting in a Pareto-optimal solution set that includes several non-dominated solutions, thereby providing diversified choices for decision-makers. Finally, a pilot case involving cooperative enterprises is used as an example in this study, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm, as well as their feasibility in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12120571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1734413162000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Bi-Objective Model for the Location and Optimization Configuration of Kitchen Waste Transfer Stations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1012-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Internet, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Q.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Internet, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Internet, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manna","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"},{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Internet, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanghua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology for GBA Smart Logistics, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China"},{"name":"Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5766-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duxian","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhuhai Top Cloud Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6618","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00401","article-title":"Missing food, missing data? A critical review of global food losses and food waste data","volume":"51","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146397","article-title":"Anaerobic digestion: An alternative resource treatment option for food waste in China","volume":"779","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.10.083","article-title":"Current status of food waste generation and management in China","volume":"273","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.08.043","article-title":"Critical risk factors affecting the implementation of PPP waste-to-energy projects in China","volume":"158","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.047","article-title":"A review of global strategies promoting the conversion of food waste to bioenergy via anaerobic digestion","volume":"79","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"unstructured":"Ren, Y. (2021). Study on the Pricing of Public-Private Partnership Food Waste Treatment\u2014An Example of Taking Nanning\u2019s Kitchen Waste Treatment Project. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Siam University].","key":"ref_6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., Zhao, Y., Qiu, X., Zhu, X., Liu, X., Yin, J., and Shen, D. (2021). Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 15.","key":"ref_7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-020-1325-y"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.10.019","article-title":"Capacitated vehicle-routing problem model for scheduled solid waste collection and route optimization using PSO algorithm","volume":"71","author":"Hannan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.03.017","article-title":"A feasibility study for the locations of waste transfer stations in urban centers: A case study on the city of Nashik, India","volume":"126","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"33","article-title":"Exploration of the \u201cCollection and Transfer + Direct Transport\u201d Synergistic Collection Model for Food Waste","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sanit. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.100","article-title":"Modeling transfer station locations considering source separation of solid waste in urban centers: A case study of Bilaspur city, India","volume":"211","author":"Rathore","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130827","article-title":"Robust optimization model of waste transfer station location considering existing facility adjustment","volume":"340","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.06.019","article-title":"Elements affecting food waste in the food service sector","volume":"56","author":"Reinikainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.01.035","article-title":"Quantification of food waste in public catering services\u2014A case study from a Swedish municipality","volume":"61","author":"Eriksson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2020.102186","article-title":"Effects of rapid urban land expansion on the spatial direction of residential land prices: Evidence from Wuhan, China","volume":"101","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126144","article-title":"A review of China\u2019s municipal solid waste (MSW) and comparison with international regions: Management and technologies in treatment and resource utilization","volume":"293","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.11.033","article-title":"Economic analysis of a shared municipal solid waste management facility in a metropolitan region","volume":"102","author":"Colvero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"unstructured":"Zhang, L., and Chen, W. (2024, October 14). High-Quality Development in the Solid Waste Management Industry: Transformation and Upgrading of Transfer Stations is Imperative[EB\/OL]. Available online: https:\/\/www.solidwaste.com.cn\/news\/338807.html.","key":"ref_18"},{"unstructured":"Zong, Y. (2024, October 14). Intelligent Transfer Stations: Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Waste Transfer[EB\/OL]. Available online: http:\/\/www.chinajsb.cn\/html\/202404\/29\/39885.html.","key":"ref_19"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(88)90224-X","article-title":"Selecting transfer station locations for large solid waste systems","volume":"35","author":"Kirca","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.08.037","article-title":"An optimization model for collection, haul, transfer, treatment and disposal of infectious medical waste: Application to a Greek region","volume":"69","author":"Mantzaras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.10.005","article-title":"A bi-objective model for the location of landfills for municipal solid waste","volume":"235","author":"Eiselt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-017-9632-y","article-title":"A multi-objective location-allocation optimization for sustainable management of municipal solid waste","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Syst. Decis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.167","article-title":"Multi-objective strategic waste transfer station planning","volume":"230","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.08.063","article-title":"A multi-objective robust optimization model for site-selection and capacity allocation of municipal solid waste facilities: A case study in Tehran","volume":"166","author":"Habibi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128577","article-title":"A fuzzy multi-objective optimization model for a sustainable reverse logistics network design of municipal waste-collecting considering the reduction of emissions","volume":"318","author":"Hashemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.02.016","article-title":"Exact and heuristic approaches for multi-objective garbage accumulation points location in real scenarios","volume":"105","author":"Rossit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"239","article-title":"Metaheuristics for a bi-objective location-routing-problem in waste collection management","volume":"34","author":"Asgarian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ind. Prod. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.09.029","article-title":"Using metaheuristic algorithms to solve a multi-objective industrial hazardous waste location-routing problem considering incompatible waste types","volume":"170","author":"Rabbani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Z., Xu, X., Hu, Y., Wang, H., Zhou, C., and Zhang, H. (2023). Based on improved NSGA-II algorithm for solving time-dependent green vehicle routing problem of urban waste removal with the consideration of traffic congestion: A case study in China. Systems, 11.","key":"ref_30","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11040173"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.11.054","article-title":"Design, implementation, and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT) network system for restaurant food waste management","volume":"73","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2006.01.014","article-title":"Distribution planning decisions using interactive fuzzy multi-objective linear programming","volume":"157","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(99)00007-6","article-title":"A fuzzy approach to the multi objective transportation problem","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502242","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2018.1502242","article-title":"A review of multi-objective optimization: Methods and its applications","volume":"5","author":"Gunantara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogent Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-022-09778-9","article-title":"A comprehensive review on multi-objective optimization techniques: Past, present and future","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"unstructured":"Gao, Y. (2006). Research and Application of Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA). [Master\u2019s Thesis, Zhejiang University].","key":"ref_36"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57757","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3070634","article-title":"A comprehensive review on NSGA-II for multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"unstructured":"Hu, Y. (2024). Research on Optimization of Urban Domestic Waste Collection Vehicle Routes Based on Improved NSGA-II. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Anhui University of Technology]. Available online: https:\/\/link.cnki.net\/doi\/10.27790\/d.cnki.gahgy.2022.000154.","key":"ref_38"}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/12\/12\/571\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:40Z","timestamp":1760115220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/12\/12\/571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["systems12120571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems12120571","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-8954"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]}}}