{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:53Z","timestamp":1760146853183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018628","name":"Higher Education Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Anhui Province of China","award":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"]}]},{"name":"Higher Education Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province of China","award":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH050269","AHSKYQ2023D009","2022jyjxggyj244"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the product\u2013service system, variations in the service capabilities of equipment manufacturing enterprises (EMEs) and equipment operating enterprises (EOEs) will change the coopetition relationship. Firstly, this study develops an evolutionary game model to analyze how the relationship between EMEs and EOEs evolves. And then MATLAB simulations are used to examine the factors influencing their coopetitive strategies. Finally, key findings include (1) the variations of market service demand and technology diffusion revenue drive strategy evolution; (2) the unilateral cooperation cost presents the law of diminishing marginal effect, especially on EOEs; (3) an optimal profit distribution ratio exists, which has the most impact on the probability of cooperation. This study informs coopetitive development and decision-making in the service-oriented transformation of the manufacturing industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T04:10:23Z","timestamp":1735618223000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolutionary Game for Dual-Subject Coopetition Relationship in the Product\u2013Service System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chunliu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1573-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma\u2019anshan 243032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jengtecman.2023.101738","article-title":"Research on the mechanism of sustainable business model innovation driven by the digital platform ecosystem","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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