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Over the decades of practical application and research, various specializations and forms of the Systems Engineering approach have developed, but there has so far been a lack of an overarching context and positioning in meaningful stages for the introduction of Systems Engineering in companies. For this reason, this research will systematize common Systems Engineering approaches and bring them together in a stage model for Systems Engineering. Based on a systematic literature review, use cases are identified for each approach and stage, which support companies in selecting an approach suitable for their own organization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T06:46:10Z","timestamp":1737009970000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Graessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University Paderborn, 33102 Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5742-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Grewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinz Nixdorf Institute, University Paderborn, 33102 Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"INCOSE (2023). 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