{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:22:08Z","timestamp":1788020528697,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2024 Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities Program in Jiangsu Province","award":["2024SJYB0167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SJYB0167"]}]},{"name":"2024 Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities Program in Jiangsu Province","award":["YPJH2023-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YPJH2023-03"]}]},{"name":"2023 Nanjing Tech University Talent Introduction and Development Program","award":["2024SJYB0167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SJYB0167"]}]},{"name":"2023 Nanjing Tech University Talent Introduction and Development Program","award":["YPJH2023-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YPJH2023-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are portable emergency medical devices critical for resuscitating individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. The installation of AEDs in public spaces is essential for enhancing society\u2019s emergency response capabilities. However, many cities in China currently face issues such as inadequate AEDs deployment and uneven distribution. This study aims to explore a rational layout plan for AEDs through systematic site optimization. Initially, this paper evaluates the current spatial configuration of AEDs in the central urban district of Nanjing using various spatial analysis methods. Subsequently, a coverage model is constructed to simulate the coverage capacity of potential emergency needs for new facilities, and a genetic algorithm is utilized to solve it. Finally, an AED site selection experiment is conducted, and the site selection results are discussed and analyzed in conjunction with practical conditions. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) AED distribution in Nanjing\u2019s central urban district is clustered, with some areas lacking facilities, and the coverage rate of AEDs within 100 m and 200 m ranges is relatively low, particularly across different types of venues; and (2) the optimization experiment, with 90 new site selection points, effectively addressed AED distribution gaps, significantly improved coverage, and ameliorated the overall distribution across various public venues. This study provides a scientific basis for the rational placement of AEDs in urban public spaces through systematic analysis and optimization experiments. It enhances the efficiency of current AED deployment in the main urban areas of Nanjing and offers significant insights for the optimization of urban emergency resource allocation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T12:32:52Z","timestamp":1737376372000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation and Optimization Research on the Spatial Distribution of Automated External Defibrillators Based on a Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study of Central Urban District of Nanjing, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3981-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"},{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0220-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Emergency Governance and Policy, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X12001197","article-title":"The effect of the AED and AED programs on survival of individuals, groups and populations","volume":"27","author":"Stokes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prehosp. 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