{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:12:57Z","timestamp":1787062377954,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["71802100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71802100"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["71873111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71873111"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation Project","award":["N2022Z022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2022Z022"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.","award":["71802100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71802100"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.","award":["71873111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71873111"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Program of China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.","award":["N2022Z022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2022Z022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supply chain finance (SCF) operations require extensive activities and a high level of information transparency, making them vulnerable to operational issues that pose significant risks of financial loss for commercial banks. Accurately assessing operational risks is crucial for ensuring market stability. This research aims to provide a reliable operational risk assessment tool for commercial banks\u2019 SCF businesses and to deeply examine the features of operational risk events. To achieve these goals, the study explores the dependency structure of risk cells and proposes a quantitative measurement framework for operational risk in SCF. The loss distribution analysis (LDA) is improved to align with the marginal loss distribution of segmented operational risks at both high and low frequencies. A tailored copula function is developed to capture the dependency structure between various risk cells, and the Monte Carlo algorithm is utilized to compute operational risk values. An empirical investigation is conducted using SCF loss data from commercial banks, creating a comprehensive database documenting over 400 entries of SCF loss events from 2012 to 2022. This database is analyzed to identify behaviors, trends, frequencies, and the severity of loss events. The results indicate that fraud risk and compliance risk are the primary sources of operational risks in SCF. The proposed approach is validated through backtesting, revealing a value at risk of CNY 179.3 million and an expected shortfall of CNY 204.9 million at the 99.9% significance level. This study pioneers the measurement of SCF operational risk, offering a comprehensive view of operational risks in SCF and providing an effective risk management tool for financial institutions and policymakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13020076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T08:48:23Z","timestamp":1737708503000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Operational Risk Assessment of Commercial Banks\u2019 Supply Chain Finance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenying","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"},{"name":"China Railway Container Transport Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Branch, Guangzhou 510062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"},{"name":"Institute for Supply Chain Finance Studies, National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyou","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transportation Development Strategy & Planning of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China State Railway Group Company Limited, Beijing 100080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.07.002","article-title":"How important are supply chain collaborative factors in supply chain finance? 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