{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:58:18Z","timestamp":1783598298477,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China","award":["21&ZD127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21&ZD127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emergency scenario characterization and analysis is an essential approach to describing and understanding the future development of emergencies and assisting in response decision-making. This paper aims to develop a method for emergency evolution analysis in a scenario-based way to improve \u201cscenario response\u201d decision-making. A systematic conceptual framework for emergency scenario evolution (ESE) analysis has been developed based on the domain knowledge of emergency management and the disaster system, combined with the representational ability of the knowledge element model. In addition, a modelling approach for ESE based on the generalized stochastic Petri net (ESEGSPN) is proposed to depict the evolutionary uncertainty through basic control flow and to optimize the parameter uncertainty using fuzzy theory. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic is used as a case study to show how ESEGSPN works. The results indicate that ESEGSPN can simulate the emergency evolution process, identify critical states and trigger actions, present the evolution trend of typical scenario elements, and assist decision-makers in deploying more targeted emergency responses in dynamically changing situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13020107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T06:43:07Z","timestamp":1739169787000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modelling and Analysis of Emergency Scenario Evolution System Based on Generalized Stochastic Petri Net"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research Centre for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research Centre for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danhui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research Centre for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Advantages and disadvantages of scenario approaches for strategic foresight","volume":"1","author":"Mietzner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. 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