{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:07:51Z","timestamp":1775477271131,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019345","name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSRG-2024-207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSRG-2024-207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has greatly enhanced the lives of individuals with disabilities by leveraging radio frequency identification (RFID) systems to improve autonomy and access to essential services. However, these advancements also pose significant security risks, particularly through side-channel attacks that exploit weaknesses in the design and operation of RFID tags and readers, potentially jeopardizing sensitive information. To combat these threats, several solutions have been proposed, including advanced cryptographic protocols built on cryptographic algorithms such as elliptic curve cryptography. While these protocols offer strong protection and help minimize data leakage, they often require substantial computational resources, making them impractical for low-cost RFID tags. Therefore, it is essential to focus on the efficient implementation of cryptographic algorithms, which are fundamental to most encryption systems. Cryptographic algorithms primarily depend on various finite field operations, including field multiplication, field inversion, and field division. Among these operations, field multiplication is especially crucial, as it forms the foundation for executing other field operations, making it vital for the overall performance and security of the cryptographic framework. The method of implementing field multiplication operation significantly influences the system\u2019s resilience against side-channel attacks; for instance, implementation using unidirectional systolic array structures can provide enhanced error detection capabilities, improving resistance to side-channel attacks compared to traditional bidirectional multipliers. Therefore, this research aims to develop a novel unidirectional systolic array structure for the Dickson basis multiplier, which is anticipated to achieve lower space and power consumption, facilitating the efficient and secure implementation of computationally intensive cryptographic algorithms in RFID systems with limited resources. This advancement is crucial as RFID technology becomes increasingly integrated into various IoT applications for individuals with disabilities, including secure identification and access control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13030154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1740480948000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimizing Security of Radio Frequency Identification Systems in Assistive Devices: A Novel Unidirectional Systolic Design for Dickson-Based Field Multiplier"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1115-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atef","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayez","family":"Gebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Victroia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20240012","DOI":"10.57197\/JDR-2024-0012","article-title":"A Review on Internet of Things (IoT)-Related Disabilities and Their Implications","volume":"3","author":"Semary","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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