{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:21:48Z","timestamp":1787872908040,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023QG128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QG128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CGLJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CGLJ01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024RKY0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RKY0302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZSMS044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project","award":["ZR2023QG128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QG128"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project","award":["23CGLJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CGLJ01"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project","award":["2024RKY0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RKY0302"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project","award":["2024ZSMS044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS044"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["ZR2023QG128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QG128"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["23CGLJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CGLJ01"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2024RKY0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RKY0302"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2024ZSMS044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS044"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Higher Education Philosophy and Social Science Research Project","award":["ZR2023QG128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QG128"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Higher Education Philosophy and Social Science Research Project","award":["23CGLJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CGLJ01"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Higher Education Philosophy and Social Science Research Project","award":["2024RKY0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RKY0302"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Higher Education Philosophy and Social Science Research Project","award":["2024ZSMS044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZSMS044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the influence of leaders\u2019 artificial intelligence symbolization on job-crafting behaviors, highlighting both positive and negative consequences in Chinese small and medium-sized firms. This research utilizes signaling theory to investigate the impact of leaders\u2019 visible adoption of AI on employees\u2019 readiness for change, perceived threats, and job-crafting behaviors. This study examines the moderating influence of organizational support to understand its amplifying and decreasing effects. This work utilizes Python-based statistical tools to provide a novel approach for evaluating behavioral data in social science research. The results reveal that leaders\u2019 AI symbolization significantly improves employees\u2019 readiness for change and promotes proactive job crafting. Conversely, symbolic actions may exacerbate perceived risks, adversely affecting job-crafting behaviors. Organizational support is essential to enhancing the beneficial impacts of AI symbolization on change readiness while alleviating its adverse consequences on perceived threats. These results show how crucial symbolic leadership is for getting people to use new technology and making staff more flexible in SMEs that use AI. By offering organizational training and resources, leaders may optimize favorable results and mitigate adverse effects. This study highlights its significance regarding change readiness, perceived threats, and job crafting. Furthermore, it underscores Python\u2019s (3.9) potential as a groundbreaking tool for enhancing behavioral research in the age of AI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13040216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T06:21:38Z","timestamp":1742797298000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Symbolic Leadership in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Enhancing Employee Flexibility and Technology Adoption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chunjia","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2331-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qaiser","family":"Mohi Ud Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4173-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aqsa","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2018.0057","article-title":"Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research","volume":"14","author":"Glikson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. 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