{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1787923301946,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 technologies presents unprecedented opportunities to align start-up incubators with smart cities\u2019 sustainability goals, fostering innovation and addressing complex urban challenges. This study introduces the Smart City-Incubator Sustainability Framework (SCISF)\u2014a structured conceptual model that integrates sustainable business model innovation, digital transformation, and circular economy principles into incubator practices. Through an integrative literature review, conceptual framework development, and empirical application, the research identifies six key components essential for aligning incubators with smart city objectives: strategic vision alignment, technological integration, circular economy practices, public engagement, scalability, and impact monitoring. The framework\u2019s empirical application to the Gda\u0144sk Entrepreneurship Foundation (GEF) incubator demonstrates its effectiveness in assessing incubator contributions to urban sustainability. The findings highlight strengths in public engagement and strategic vision, alongside opportunities to enhance Industry 5.0 integration, cross-sector partnerships, and ESG-driven impact reporting. By bridging the gap between city objectives and start-up ecosystems, the SCISF provides actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and incubator managers to foster smart, circular, and resilient urban environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13040219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T06:21:38Z","timestamp":1742797298000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Empowering Smart Cities Through Start-Ups: A Sustainability Framework for Incubator-City Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3156-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Berniak-Wo\u017any","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Sciences, SWPS University, Chodakowska 19\/31, 03-815 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6776-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Sli\u017c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-309 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"Sici\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-309 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puma, G., Salles, A., and Bragan\u00e7a, L. 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