{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:03:11Z","timestamp":1777262591256,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28317\/24.09.2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28317\/24.09.2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A key strategic option for many organizations across the globe is to examine whether and how business ecosystems can help them survive and thrive amidst continuous changes in business realities. Joining a business ecosystem, though, is not a straightforward decision. Current research efforts are falling short of fully identifying a concise and practical set of decision-making factors that potential ecosystem participants can meaningfully use. To address this limitation, the authors developed a framework of decision-making factors (motivations, prerequisites, ecosystem attractiveness), based on (a) their findings of a systematic mapping study they conducted and (b) their parallel research efforts in business ecosystems operations. The proposed framework encompasses a concrete \u201cvocabulary\u201d of decision-making factors that can enable complex \u201cdialogs\u201d between existing and new business ecosystem stakeholders. As a result, this research effort (a) offers a clear and unambiguous categorization of previously overloaded and ambiguous decision-making factors; (b) captures relationships between the three core components of the proposed framework, thus considering upfront any synergies or conflicts among them; and (c) makes the candidate organization\u2019s decision-making process pragmatic, i.e., misalignment among the proposed factors should be considered a \u2018red flag\u2019 that may drive the candidate organization to pivot its decision-making process towards another business ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13040236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1743389416000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Systematic Mapping-Driven Framework for Vetting Participation in Business Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Mastropetrou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Growth Transformation and Value Engineering (WAVE) Lab, Business School, University of the Aegean, 82100 Chios, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstadinos","family":"Kutsikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growth Transformation and Value Engineering (WAVE) Lab, Business School, University of the Aegean, 82100 Chios, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bithas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growth Transformation and Value Engineering (WAVE) Lab, Business School, University of the Aegean, 82100 Chios, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, M.M., Jung, S., and Rha, J.S. (2021). Study on business ecosystem research trend using network text analysis. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su131910727"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Reeves, M., Zoletnik, B., and Pidun, U. (2024, August 23). How to Benefit from Business Ecosystems If You Are Not the Orchestrator? BCH Henderson Institute. Available online: https:\/\/bcghendersoninstitute.com\/how-to-benefit-from-business-ecosystems-if-you-are-not-the-orchestrator\/#:~:text=Complementors%20contribute%20to%20the%20ecosystem,its%20variety%20and%20drive%20innovation."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Pidun, U., Reeves, M., and Sch\u00fcssler, M. (2024, August 23). Do You Need a Business Ecosystem? Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2019\/do-you-need-business-ecosystem."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Davidson, L., Archer, T., and Borchardt, W. (2024, August 23). Tapping Ecosystems to Power Performance. Forwards Thinking Companies Are Reaping the Benefits of Working Across Industry Boundaries. Are You Ready to Do the Same? Strategy and Business. Available online: https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gx\/en\/issues\/transformation\/tapping-ecosystems-to-power-performance.html."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"75","article-title":"Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition","volume":"71","author":"Moore","year":"1993","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Jacobides, M.G. (2024, August 23). In the Ecosystem Economy, What\u2019s Your Strategy? The Five Questions You Need to Answer. Harvard Business Review. Available online: https:\/\/hbr.org\/2019\/09\/in-the-ecosystem-economy-whats-your-strategy."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/685","article-title":"Navigating risk when entering and participating in a business ecosystem","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev. Editor. Technol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Pidun, U., Reeves, M., and Sch\u00fcssler, M. (2024, August 23). Why Do Most Business Ecosystems Fail? Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2020\/why-do-most-business-ecosystems-fail."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.03.047","article-title":"Motives and resources for value co-creation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem: A managerial perspective","volume":"69","author":"Pera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/ijmr.12196","article-title":"Embracing the paradox of interorganizational value co-creation- value capture: A literature review towards paradox resolution","volume":"21","author":"Niesten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1260","article-title":"How to develop a digital ecosystem: A practical framework","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2018.0121","article-title":"Integrating research on inter-organizational networks and ecosystems","volume":"14","author":"Shiplov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Ann."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Moore, J.F. (1996). The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems, Harper Business."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2904","article-title":"Towards a theory of ecosystems","volume":"39","author":"Jacobides","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Atluri, V., and Mikl\u00f3s, D. (2024, August 23). Strategies to Win in the New Ecosystem Economy. McKinsey Digital. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/strategy-and-corporate-finance\/our-insights\/strategies-to-win-in-the-new-ecosystem-economy."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bogers, M., Sims, J., and West, J. (2019, January 9\u201313). What is an ecosystem? Incorporating 25 years of ecosystem research. Proceedings of the Meeting of the Academy Management, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3437014"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-020-00438-5","article-title":"The digital transformation of a traditional market into an entrepreneurial ecosystem","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Business model thinking, business ecosystems and platforms: The new perspective on the environment of the organization","volume":"21","author":"Demil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Management"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1057\/s41291-018-0038-6","article-title":"Business ecosystem research agenda: More dynamic, more embedded, and more internationalized","volume":"17","author":"Rong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1108\/JSIT-02-2014-0015","article-title":"Developing and Managing digital service ecosystems: A service science viewpoint","volume":"16","author":"Kutsikos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Syst. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Kutsikos, K., and Mentzas, G. (2012). Managing Value Creation in Knowledge-Intensive Business Service Systems. Knowledge Service Engineering Handbook, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutsikos, K., and Mentzas, G. (2010). A Service Portfolio Model for Value Creation in Networked Enterprise Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: \u201cTowards a Service-Based Internet\u201d, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22760-8_11"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1108\/NBRI-03-2022-0029","article-title":"Research on influencing factors of platform leadership in business ecosystem","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nankai Bus. Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-11-2021-5038","article-title":"Sustainability advocacy antecedents: How social media content influences sustainable behaviours among Generation Z","volume":"40","author":"Confetto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.323","article-title":"Co-evolution between urban sustainability and business ecosystem innovation: Evidence from the sharing mobility sector in Shanghai","volume":"188","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.06.032","article-title":"A review of the ecosystem concept\u2014Towards coherent ecosystem design","volume":"136","author":"Tsujimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.002","article-title":"Digital business ecosystem: Literature review and a framework for future research","volume":"47","author":"Senyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Desmet, D., Maerkedahl, N., and Shi, P. (2024, August 23). Adopting an Ecosystem View of Business Technology. McKinsey Digital. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/mckinsey-digital\/our-insights\/adopting-an-ecosystem-view-of-business-technology."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Freundt, T., Jenkins, P., Kabay, T., Khan, H., and Rab, I. (2024, August 23). Growth and Resilience Through Ecosystem Building. McKinsey Digital. Available online: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/growth-marketing-and-sales\/our-insights\/growth-and-resilience-through-ecosystem-building."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Lang, N., von Szczepanski, K., and Wurzer, C. (2024, August 23). The Emerging Art of Ecosystem Management. Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2019\/emerging-art-ecosystem-management."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Ringel, M., Grassl, F., Baeza, R., Kennedy, D., Spira, M., and Manly, J. (2024, August 23). The Most Innovative Companies 2019. The Rise of AI, Platforms, and Ecosystems. Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/collections\/most-innovative-companies-2019-artificial-intelligence-platforms-ecosystems."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.12.009","article-title":"Cyclic dependence, vertical integration, and innovation: The case of Japanese electronics sector in the 1990s","volume":"132","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, V. (2024). An Empirical Evaluation of a Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology Adoption Model from Entrepreneurs\u2019 Perspectives. Systems, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12030103"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1108\/IJIS-09-2017-0098","article-title":"Social value of an innovation ecosystem: The case of Leiden Bioscience Park, The Netherlands","volume":"9","author":"Fulgencio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1311","article-title":"Ecosystem Value Creation and Capture: A Systematic Review of Literature and Potential Research Opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Khademi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Pidun, U., Reeves, M., and Zoletnik, B. (2024, August 23). Are You Ready to Become an Ecosystem Player? Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/web-assets.bcg.com\/7c\/48\/42b0517449c6922e0f4812adf13b\/bcg-are-you-ready-to-become-an-ecosystem-player-jun-2022.pdf."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Jacobides, M.G. (2024, August 23). Ecosystems for the Rest of Us. Strategy and Business. Available online: https:\/\/www.strategy-business.com\/article\/Ecosystems-for-the-rest-of-us."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1108\/JSBED-05-2019-0144","article-title":"Conceptualising digital transformation in SMEs: An ecosystemic perspective","volume":"26","author":"Pelletier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Enterp. Dev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/isj.12285","article-title":"Digital transformation of business ecosystems: Evidence from the Korean pop industry","volume":"30","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, B., Xu, H., and Zhao, L. (2022). Open or Not? Operation Strategies of Competitive eCommerce Platforms from an Ecosystem Perspective. Systems, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems11010006"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pidun, U., Reeves, M., and Zoletnik, B. (2024, August 23). What Is Your Business Ecosystem Strategy? Boston Consulting Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2022\/what-is-your-business-ecosystem-strategy.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110775167-009"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.12.029","article-title":"A collaborative approach to resilient and antifragile business ecosystems","volume":"162","author":"Ramezani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119846","article-title":"Approaches for resilient and antifragility in collaborative business ecosystems","volume":"151","author":"Ramezani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2021.1884009","article-title":"Introducing platform ecosystem resilience: Leveraging mobility platforms and their ecosystems for the new normal during COVID-19","volume":"30","author":"Floetgen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poler, R., Doumeingts, G., Katzy, B., and Chalmeta, R. (2012). Enabling Business Interoperability: A Service Co-creation Viewpoint. Enterprise Interoperability V, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2819-9"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/IJASS.2011.042200","article-title":"A Systems-based Complexity Management Framework for Collaborative E-government Services","volume":"4","author":"Kutsikos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Syst. Stud."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"439","article-title":"Business Transformation Through Service Science: A Path for Business Continuity","volume":"Volume 175","author":"Bithas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Science, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference in Strategic Innovative Marketing, Madrid, Spain, 1\u20134 September 2014"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2022.02.016","article-title":"A systematic literature review for digital business ecosystems in the manufacturing industry: Prerequisites, challenges, and benefits","volume":"37","author":"Suuronen","year":"2022","journal-title":"CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the Nature of Man, World Publishin."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edvardsson, B., Sk\u00e5l\u00e9n, P., and Tronvoll, B. (2012). Service systems as a foundation for resource integration and value co-creation. Special Issue\u2013Toward a Better Understanding of the Role of Value in Markets and Marketing, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1108\/S1548-6435(2012)0000009008"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B., and Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for Performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering, Durham University. Technical report; EBSE Technical Report EBSE."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.03.007","article-title":"Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update","volume":"64","author":"Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, K., Feldt, R., Mujtaba, S., and Mattsson, M. (2008, January 26\u201327). Systematic mapping studies in software engineering. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, Bari, Italy.","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/EASE2008.8"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Fauzi, S.S.M., Bannerman, P.L., and Staples, M. (December, January 30). Software configuration management in global software development: A systematic map. Proceedings of the 17th Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC) IEEE, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750-016-0059-6","article-title":"A methodology of systematic mapping in environmental sciences","volume":"5","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Collab. Environ. Evid."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.09.004","article-title":"Organizing evidence for environmental management decisions: A \u20184S\u2019 hierarchy","volume":"29","author":"Dicks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-018-1323-6","article-title":"Investigations into data ecosystems: A systematic mapping study","volume":"61","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Mastropetrou, M., Bithas, G., and Kutsikos, K. (2021, January 18\u201320). Digital Transformation in the Luxury Industry\u2014A Systematic Mapping Study. Proceedings of the 12th EuroMed Academy of Business Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mastropetrou, M., Bithas, G., and Kutsikos, K. (2022, January 15\u201316). Towards a Theory of Motivations and Roles in Business Ecosystems. Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Pafos, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.34190\/ecie.17.1.444"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2008.04.003","article-title":"On Value and Value Co-Creation: A Service Systems and Service Logic Perspective","volume":"26","author":"Vargo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"111","article-title":"Business ecosystem definition in built environment using a stakeholder assessment process","volume":"10","author":"Lappi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Management"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","article-title":"Systematic literature reviews in Software engineering- A systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.083","article-title":"The role of social platforms in transforming service ecosystems","volume":"69","author":"Letaifa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"96","article-title":"Orchestrating ecosystems: A multi-layered framework","volume":"24","author":"Autio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. Organ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kar, A., Sinha, S., and Gupta, M.P. (2018). Analysis of Stakeholders within IoT ecosystem. Digital India, Advances in Theory and Practice of Emerging Markets, Springer Nature. Chapter 15.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78378-9_15"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119791","article-title":"Digital entrepreneurship ecosystem: How digital technologies and collective intelligence are reshaping the entrepreneurial process","volume":"150","author":"Elia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-06-2017-0173","article-title":"Knowledge transfer in open innovation: A classification framework for healthcare ecosystems","volume":"25","author":"Secundo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Process Manag."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieringa, R.J., Engelsman, W., Gordijn, J., and Ionita, D. (2019, January 15\u201317). A business ecosystem architecture modeling framework. Proceedings of the IEEE 21st Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), Moscow, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBI.2019.00024"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-023-10027-9","article-title":"Entrepreneurial growth in digital business ecosystems: An integrated framework blending the knowledge-based view of the firm and business ecosystems","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Technol. Transf."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/SL-01-2015-0003","article-title":"Strategies for creating and capturing value in the emerging ecosystem economy","volume":"43","author":"Davidson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Strategy Leadersh."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"52","article-title":"The sharing economy globalization phenomenon: A research agenda","volume":"24","author":"Parente","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Manag."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054346","article-title":"A theory of human motivation","volume":"50","author":"Maslow","year":"1943","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Haslam, S.A., Knippenberg, D.M., Platow, J., and Ellemers, N. (2003). A social identity approach to communication in organizations. Social Identity at Work: Developing Theory for Organizational Practice, Psychology Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/13527266.2011.581301","article-title":"Corporate communication management: A framework based on decision-making with reference to communication resources","volume":"19","author":"Siano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mark. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2014.11.001","article-title":"Describing network dynamics in three different business nets","volume":"3","author":"Valkokari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awano, H., and Tsujimoto, M. (2021). The Mechanisms for Business Ecosystem Members to Capture Part of a Business Ecosystem\u2019s Joint Created Value. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13084573"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/1059601115593830","article-title":"The Nature of the Co-Evolutionary Process: Complex Product Development in the Mobile Computing Industry\u2019s Business Ecosystem","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Group Organ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1108\/JPBM-03-2020-2780","article-title":"Redefining brand hijacking from a noncollaborative brand co-creation perspective","volume":"31","author":"Siano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prod. Brand Manag."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Bithas, G. (2020). A New Business Transformation Model for Service Ecosystems. [Ph.D. Thesis, Business School, University of the Aegean]."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-007-0069-6","article-title":"Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution","volume":"36","author":"Vargo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1108\/MSQ-09-2013-0187","article-title":"Theory of Value Co-Creation: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"24","author":"Galvagno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manag. Serv. Qual."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1216","article-title":"Innovation Ecosystems as Structures for Value Co-Creation","volume":"9","author":"Valkokari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Innov. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.68.1.1.24036","article-title":"Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing","volume":"68","author":"Vargo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Lusch, R.F., and Vargo, S.L. (2006). Historical perspectives on service-dominant logic. The Service-Dominant Logic of Marketing: Dialog, Debate and Directions, M.E. Sharpe Inc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2018.01.002","article-title":"When value co-creation fails: Reasons that lead to value co-destruction","volume":"34","author":"Torvinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0276146710397662","article-title":"Property Rights Design and Market Process: Implications for Market Theory, Marketing Theory, and SD Logic","volume":"31","author":"Haase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Micromarketing"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/002224299505900201","article-title":"The comparative advantage theory of competition","volume":"59","author":"Hunt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mark."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1108\/08858621211257347","article-title":"Multinational enterprise competition: Grounding the eclectic paradigm of foreign production in resource-advantage theory","volume":"27","author":"Arnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ind. Mark."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"33","article-title":"The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing Intellectual Property","volume":"45","author":"Chesbrough","year":"2005","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9502-7","article-title":"Ambidexterity, external knowledge and performance in knowledge-intensive firms","volume":"42","author":"Vrontis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Technol. Transf."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.07.087","article-title":"An adaptable decision-making model for sustainable enterprise interoperability","volume":"148","author":"Sakas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indmarman.2008.02.007","article-title":"Explaining alliance success: Competences, resources, relational factors, and resource-advantage theory","volume":"38","author":"Wittmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ind. Mark. Manag."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Yu, H., Shan, J., Boutalikakis, A., Tempel, L., and Balian, Z. (2022). What makes a company \u2018future ready\u2019?. Harv. Bus. Rev., Available online: https:\/\/hbr.org\/2022\/03\/what-makes-a-company-future-ready."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.640","article-title":"Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance","volume":"28","author":"Teece","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Davenport, T.H. (1993). Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology, Harvard Business Press."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-013-0220-5","article-title":"Technology as an Operant Resource in Service (Eco)systems","volume":"12","author":"Akaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. E-Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2015.09.008","article-title":"An analytical framework for an m-payment ecosystem: A merchants\u2019 perspective","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1108\/info-01-2016-0003","article-title":"An ecosystem view on third party mobile payment providers: A case study of Alipay wallet","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Info"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-019-00377-4","article-title":"Digital platform ecosystems","volume":"30","author":"Hein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Mark. Press"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.02.114","article-title":"Digital empowerment in a WEEE collection business ecosystem: A comparative study of two typical cases in China","volume":"184","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s11782-017-0004-8","article-title":"Digital entrepreneurship ecosystem as a new form of organizing: The case of Zhongguancun","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Bus. Res. China"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.37394\/23207.2021.18.57","article-title":"Digitalization of business processes of enterprises of the ecosystem of Industry 4.0: Virtual-real aspect of economic growth reserves","volume":"18","author":"Kraus","year":"2021","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2023.101264","article-title":"Innovation ecosystems as a service: Exploring the dynamics between corporates & start-ups in the context of a corporate coworking space","volume":"39","author":"Baka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2021.10.007","article-title":"Prospecting non-fungible tokens in the digital economy: Stakeholders and ecosystem, risk and opportunity","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.3250","article-title":"Platform ecosystems as meta-organizations: Implications for platform strategies","volume":"43","author":"Kretschmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strateg. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.061","article-title":"The resource-based view in business ecosystems: A perspective on the determinants of a valuable resource and capability","volume":"133","author":"Gueler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2020.2972037","article-title":"The transformational impact of blockchain technology on business models and ecosystems: A symbiosis of human and technology agents","volume":"67","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/13\/4\/236\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:05:18Z","timestamp":1760029518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/13\/4\/236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["systems13040236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems13040236","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]}}}