{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:53:30Z","timestamp":1780487610013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","award":["2023KQNCX117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KQNCX117"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","award":["23YJA760014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA760014"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["2023KQNCX117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KQNCX117"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["23YJA760014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA760014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The integration of large language models (LLMs) into remote healthcare has the potential to revolutionize medication management by enhancing communication, improving medication adherence, and supporting clinical decision-making. This study aims to explore the role of LLMs in remote medication management, focusing on their impact. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing literature, medical LLM cases, and the commercial applications of LLMs in remote healthcare. It also addresses technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. The review methodology includes analyzing studies on LLM applications, comparing their impact, and identifying gaps for future research and development. The review reveals that LLMs have shown significant potential in remote medication management by improving communication between patients and providers, enhancing medication adherence monitoring, and supporting clinical decision-making in medication management. Compared to traditional reminder systems, AI reminder systems have a 14% higher rate in improving adherence rates in pilot studies. However, there are notable challenges, including data privacy concerns, system integration issues, and the ethical dilemmas of AI-driven decisions such as bias and transparency. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of LLMs in remote medication management, identifying both their transformative potential and the key challenges to be addressed. It provides insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers on optimizing the use of AI in medication management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13040281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:47:41Z","timestamp":1744282061000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Integrating Large Language Models into Medication Management in Remote Healthcare: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ho Yan","family":"Kwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Software Engineering Institute of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510900, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jethro","family":"Shell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Fahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengxiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkang","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Media and Interactive Design, Guangzhou Maritime University, 101 Hongshan 3rd Road, Guangzhou 510725, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30424-4","article-title":"Telemedicine 2020 and the next decade","volume":"395","author":"Dorsey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000530","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2020-000530","article-title":"Telemedicine, the current COVID-19 pandemic and the future: A narrative review and perspectives moving forward in the USA","volume":"8","author":"Kichloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fam. 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