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control. This paper proposes a hierarchical control method integrating ramp metering (RM) and variable speed limits (VSLs) explicitly designed for port motorway environments dominated by CVs. The method uses real-time CV data to reduce congestion through a hierarchical control framework in which the upper-level optimization determines system-wide parameters, and the lower-level execution translates them into local control commands. A microscopic simulation using SUMO in the Guoju area of the Chuanshan Port Motorway demonstrated that the proposed method increases traffic capacity by approximately 16% compared to the no-control scenario and improves traffic efficiency by 4.8% and 4.5% compared to PI-ALINEA and MTFC-FB, respectively. Further experiments in varying CV penetration rates (MPRs) from 60% to 100% revealed that while lower MPRs result in higher traffic fluctuations, the method remains effective and robust, particularly when MPRs exceed 80%. This highlights its ability to mitigate congestion and enhance the utilization of the existing infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13060446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:43:14Z","timestamp":1749202994000},"page":"446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hierarchical Control Based on Ramp Metering and Variable Speed Limit for Port Motorway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8918-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqi","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"},{"name":"National Traffic Management Engineering & Technology Research Centre Ningbo University Sub-Centre, Ningbo 315832, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8795-3423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengjun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"},{"name":"National Traffic Management Engineering & Technology Research Centre Ningbo University Sub-Centre, Ningbo 315832, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.05.019","article-title":"Evaluation and modelling of the traffic flow effects of truck platooning","volume":"105","author":"Calvert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. 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