{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:46:41Z","timestamp":1769572001470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to globalization, companies are exposed to a culturally diversified workforce; therefore, great emphasis is placed on identifying the most effective leadership style that would be able to manage such a workforce. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify successful leadership styles in different cultural settings, none have focused on the perceptions of top managers who work in multinational corporations (MNCs) in culturally diversified surroundings. Thus, our research attempts to identify the most preferred leadership style and characteristics from the perspective of top managers in MNCs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The 13 leadership characteristics analyzed in this study were generated from the 21 characteristics found by Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research. The participants, top managers in MNCs, needed to evaluate leadership styles by considering leadership characteristics. To ensure the objectiveness of the study, we analyzed their answers by applying the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The results indicated that the most preferred leadership characteristics were visionary, inspirational, collaborative team-oriented, and performance-oriented. Moreover, the transformational leadership style emerged as the most preferred leadership style. The study\u2019s findings show that top managers believe that employees in MNCs in the UAE seek a leader with a vision who will inspire, motivate, and help them fulfill their true potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13080636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T08:46:55Z","timestamp":1754383615000},"page":"636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Leadership Styles in Multinational Corporations Using the Fuzzy TOPSIS Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5711-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Runic Ristic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University Union-Nikola Tesla, Njegoseva 1a, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5597-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tijana","family":"Savic Tot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University Union-Nikola Tesla, Njegoseva 1a, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Ristic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University Union-Nikola Tesla, Njegoseva 1a, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilmos","family":"Tot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business Economy, University Educons, Vojvode Putnika 87, 21208 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Radosevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Management, University Union-Nikola Tesla, Njegoseva 1a, 21205 Sremski Karlovci, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3583-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Marinkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Mechanical Science Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University-VILNIUS TECH, Plytin\u0117s st. 25, LT-10105 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOPM-08-2016-0453","article-title":"Lean Manufacturing Implementation: Leadership Styles and Contextual Variables","volume":"38","author":"Tortorella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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