{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:11:26Z","timestamp":1787029886116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["22CGL002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CGL002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Standards undergo periodic review to ensure their alignment with technological advancements and market trends. However, this process can lead to incompatibilities between standards. A major challenge for standards development organizations (SDOs) is ensuring the coordination of standards systems through effective scheduling. Traditional project scheduling models focused on minimizing the duration or cost do not meet the unique management needs of standards. This study introduces the Standard Revision Project Scheduling Problem (SRPSP), which considers revision dependencies in a standard citation network. A new objective function, the Coordination Index of Standard Systems (CISS), is proposed to quantify the coordination degree among standards within a citation network. To solve this problem, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed. Computational experiments using real-world data from TC544 demonstrate the framework\u2019s superiority, achieving a 12% higher CISS than traditional makespan-centric models. Scenarios characterized by three key parameters of standard citation networks\u2014network topology, scale, and average node degree\u2014are analyzed. The results provide a benchmark for researchers to compare and improve upon. This research contributes to the development of a practical data-driven decision support system for SDOs to evaluate standards revision programs and enhance the systematic effects of standards systems during the revision process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13080685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T16:30:36Z","timestamp":1755016236000},"page":"685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Standard Revision Project Scheduling Problem Considering Coordination Degree of Standards Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4113-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Machinery Research Institute of Standards and Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2023.0072","article-title":"Standardization: Research trends, current debates, and interdisciplinarity","volume":"18","author":"Grillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad. 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