{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:21:33Z","timestamp":1780957293309,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72262008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72262008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project","award":["23FYJ034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23FYJ034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as a critical engine of economic growth. This is especially true in rural areas, where resources, policy support, and talent pools are often constrained. Stimulating entrepreneurial vitality in these regions has thus become an urgent policy and research priority. This study adopts an inclusive growth perspective, selecting six key elements\u2014economic level, industrial structure, financial development, educational condition, medical condition, and social security\u2014to construct a theoretical model exploring the configuration pathways that drive rural entrepreneurial activity. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the study examines 982 rural regions in China and draws the following conclusions: (1) None of the six key elements is a necessary condition for rural entrepreneurial activity. (2) The \u201cfinance and healthcare-driven\u201d type (C1), \u201cindustrial and educational balance\u201d type (C2), \u201cfinancial and educational synergy\u201d type (C3), and \u201cindustrial and healthcare support\u201d type (C4) are the configuration paths to achieve high rural entrepreneurial activity. The findings provide both theoretical and practical insights for stimulating entrepreneurship in rural China. Specifically, they highlight how different developmental configurations can activate local entrepreneurial ecosystems, expand employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for vulnerable groups, and contribute to sustainable poverty alleviation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13110954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:08:47Z","timestamp":1761800927000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Balancing Efficiency and Equity in Configurational Pathways to Rural Entrepreneurial Activity in China: Evidence from Qualitative Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2231-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizhen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8637-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guojie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Has entrepreneurial activities promoted growth?: Theory and evidence from cross-country analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ind. Econ. Bus."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Employment effect of entrepreneurial activity in China\u2019s private economy","volume":"25","author":"Rho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seoul J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ven\u00e2ncio, A., and Pinto, I. (2020). Type of entrepreneurial activity and sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12229368"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, J., and Lee, C.K. (2019, January 24\u201326). Comparison of entrepreneurial activities of 31 provincial regions in China: Clustering analysis of multi-indicator cross-section data. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (TEMS-ISIE), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMS-ISIE46312.2019.9074326"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-022-01122-0","article-title":"Entrepreneurship in China\u2019s peripheral regions","volume":"70","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Xue, H., Lan, M., and Lin, S. (2022). The adjustment of administrative divisions and vitality of regional market entity\u2014Based on the perspective of \u201ccounty to district\u201d policy and entrepreneurial activities. Econ. Theory Bus. Manag., 42."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.14254\/1800-5845\/2021.17-4.8","article-title":"An assessment of inclusive growth policy as a determinant of unemployment reduction in Nigeria: An application of autoregressive distributed (ARDL) bound test approach","volume":"17","author":"Abada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Montenegrin J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-019-00270-6","article-title":"Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements","volume":"56","author":"Stam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Ali, I., and Son, H.H. (2007). Defining and Measuring Inclusive Growth: Application to the Philippines, Asia Development Bank."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jce.2009.10.005","article-title":"The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China","volume":"38","author":"Montalvo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comp. Econ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-017-0461-8","article-title":"Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research-the rise of a method","volume":"14","author":"Kraus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Entrep. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/104225870202600401","article-title":"Culture and its consequences for entrepreneurship","volume":"26","author":"George","year":"2002","journal-title":"Entrep. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-019-00204-2","article-title":"Big data methods, social media, and the psychology of entrepreneurial regions: Capturing cross-county personality traits and their impact on entrepreneurship in the USA","volume":"55","author":"Obschonka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-016-9787-9","article-title":"A new perspective on entrepreneurial regions: Linking cultural identity with latent and manifest entrepreneurship","volume":"48","author":"Audretsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.1428","article-title":"Catch me if you can? Staggered inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) rejection and entrepreneurial activity in the US","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strateg. Entrep. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-024-00927-x","article-title":"The cost of health insurance and entry into entrepreneurship","volume":"64","author":"Fossen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"114","article-title":"When institutional contexts and psychological cognition can stimulate entrepreneurship activity?: A study based on QCA approach","volume":"40","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Sci. Manag. ST"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"121","article-title":"How does Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Affect Regional Social Entrepreneurial Activity? A Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis","volume":"44","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foreign Econ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"141","article-title":"What kind of ecosystem for doing business will contribute to city-level high entrepreneurial activity? A research based on institutional configurations","volume":"36","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manag. World"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Klasen, S. (2010). Measuring and Monitoring Inclusive Growth: Multiple Definitions, Open Questions, and Some Constructive Proposals, Asia Development Bank."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Ali, I., and Zhuang, J. (2007). Inclusive Growth Toward A Prosperous Asia: Policy Implications, Asia Development Bank."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"McKinley, T. (2010). Inclusive Growth Criteria and Indicators: An Inclusive Growth Index for Diagnosis of Country Progress, Asia Development Bank."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5606(90)90026-V","article-title":"The determinants of US banking activity abroad","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Int. Money Financ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2013.11.052","article-title":"Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth, and Innovation: Are feedback effects at work?","volume":"67","author":"Galindo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, R., Guo, Y., and Wu, Y. (2023). Exploration on the innovation model of county urbanization development with the resource constraints in China. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su152216129"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-005-1998-4","article-title":"Entrepreneurship, agglomeration and technological change","volume":"24","author":"Acs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"141","article-title":"Spatial differences and its influencing factors of entrepreneurship activity of chinese private enterprises","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, S. (2011, January 15\u201318). Entrepreneurship and regional development: A literature review. Proceedings of the ICSB World Conference, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.12.2.127","article-title":"Urban diversity and economic growth","volume":"12","author":"Quigley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research progress of regional economic resilience and exploration of its application in China","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s001680200096","article-title":"High-technology employment and R&D in cities: Heterogeneity vs. specialization","volume":"36","author":"Acs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Reg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Z., and Zhang, R. (2017). Financial inclusion, entry barriers, and entrepreneurship: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9020203"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, F., Sun, Y., Zhou, Y., and Yu, D. (2024). The impact of fintech development on the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers: Evidence from the China Household Finance Survey. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68737-5"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-016-9806-x","article-title":"Resource endowment and opportunity cost effects along the stages of entrepreneurship","volume":"48","author":"Mickiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1086\/716344","article-title":"Human capital and entrepreneurship","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Cap."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tetrick, L.E., Slack, K.J., Da Silva, N., and Sinclair, R.R. (2000). A comparison of the stress-strain process for business owners and nonowners: Differences in job demands, emotional exhaustion, satisfaction, and social support. J. Occup. Health Psychol., 5.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1076-8998.5.4.464"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"134","article-title":"Internet usage and household entrepreneurship: Evidence from CFPS","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-008-0083-2","article-title":"Drivers of entrepreneurial aspirations at the country level: The role of start-up motivations and social security","volume":"4","author":"Hessels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Entrep. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Jiang, X. (2022). Unraveling the mystery of social security: A study from the perspective of entrepreneurship. Sci. Res. Manag., 43."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"77","article-title":"Social security, entrepreneurship and endogenous economic growth","volume":"36","author":"Zao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"215","article-title":"The effects of entrepreneurial environment including entrepreneur support system on entrepreneurial activities and job creation: Based on GEM data","volume":"12","author":"Gaeseok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korean Entrep. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9982-3","article-title":"Location-based tax incentives and entrepreneurial activities: Evidence from Western Regional Development Strategy in China","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1080\/00472778.2023.2220013","article-title":"Friends for richer or poorer: Economic connectedness, regional social capital, and county entrepreneurial activity","volume":"62","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.2307\/256809","article-title":"Configurational approaches to organizational analysis","volume":"36","author":"Meyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Ragin, C.C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies, Berkeley University of California Press."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"92","article-title":"The evolution of the control framework China\u2019s central SOEs: Is it strategy determined, Institution Driven, or dependence on the path?\u2014An attempt of a quality comparative analysis","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Manag. World"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-005-1980-1","article-title":"Global entrepreneurship monitor: Data collection design and implementation 1998\u20132003","volume":"24","author":"Reynolds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00343409412331348326","article-title":"The geography of firm birth in Germany","volume":"28","author":"Audretsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strueco.2024.08.011","article-title":"Airport construction and entrepreneurship: Evidence from the newly registered company","volume":"71","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Struct. Change Econ. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/0034340042000280929","article-title":"The link between firm births and job creation: Is there a upas tree effect?","volume":"38","author":"Stel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1006\/jjie.1994.1025","article-title":"Bilateralism and regionalism in Japanese and US trade and direct foreign investment patterns","volume":"8","author":"Eaton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Int. Econ."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"247","article-title":"Modern economic growth: Findings and reflections","volume":"63","author":"Kuznets","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7660.1995.tb00541.x","article-title":"China\u2019s household registration system under reform","volume":"26","author":"Mallee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Change"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.60263120","article-title":"Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research","volume":"54","author":"Fiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2007.26586092","article-title":"A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations","volume":"32","author":"Fiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Reviewed Work: Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond Charles C. Ragin","volume":"88","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, H. (2022). What kinds of countries have better innovation performance?\u2014A country-level fsQCA and NCA study. J. Innov. Knowl., 7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2022.100215"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragin, C.C. (2008). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond, University of Chicago Press.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226702797.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2018.1457087","article-title":"Local industrial structure, agglomeration economies and the creation of innovative start-ups: Evidence from the Italian case","volume":"30","author":"Capozza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entrep. Reg. Dev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, C.Q., and Wagemann, C. (2012). Set-Theoretic Methods for the Social Sciences: A Guide to Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139004244"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2020.0969","article-title":"When do novel business models lead to high performance? A configurational approach to value drivers, competitive strategy, and firm environment","volume":"66","author":"George","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/1476127018786487","article-title":"Studying configurations with qualitative comparative analysis: Best practices in strategy and organization research","volume":"16","author":"Greckhamer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strateg. Organ."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpu016","article-title":"Fuzzy sets on shaky ground: Parameter sensitivity and confirmation bias in fsQCA","volume":"23","author":"Krogslund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Political Anal."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpv017","article-title":"Guarding against false positives in qualitative comparative analysis","volume":"23","author":"Braumoeller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Political Anal."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2014.904041","article-title":"Entrepreneurship as an urban event? Empirical evidence from European cities","volume":"48","author":"Bosma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1086\/262013","article-title":"Industrial development in cities","volume":"103","author":"Henderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Political Econ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, C., Park, K.M., and Kim, Y. (2020). Socio-cultural factors explaining technology-based entrepreneurial activity: Direct and indirect role of social security. Technol. Soc., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101246"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Hessels, J., van Stel, A., Brouwer, P., and Wennekers, S. (2006). Social security arrangements and early-stage entrepreneurial activity. Comp. Labor Law Policy J., 28."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Li, X.Y., and Liu, Y.M. (2021). How does digital inclusive finance promote rural entrepreneurship. Bus. Manag. J., 43."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"68","article-title":"How does the entrepreneurial ecosystem promote urban entrepreneurial quality? a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Sci. Manag. S. T"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"60","article-title":"How does the Demand-side, Supply-side and Cultural Conditions Promote the Quality and Activity of the Entrepreneurship","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Manag. Rev. Q"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8276.2006.00949.x","article-title":"Wal-Mart and social capital","volume":"88","author":"Goetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/1356766720904753","article-title":"Heritage, education and processes of change in Vietnamese rural tourism: A case study from H\u1ed9i An","volume":"26","author":"Trinh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vacat. Mark."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paunovi\u0107, I., Apostolopoulos, S., Miljkovi\u0107, I.B., and Stojanovi\u0107, M. (2024). Sustainable rural healthcare entrepreneurship: A case study of Serbia. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16031143"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.010","article-title":"QCA and business research: Work in progress or a consolidated agenda?","volume":"69","author":"Wagemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/13\/11\/954\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T05:46:19Z","timestamp":1761803179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/13\/11\/954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["systems13110954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems13110954","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]}}}