{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:25:15Z","timestamp":1781101515157,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72101054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72101054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2242023R40040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2242023R40040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the digital transformation of the construction industry toward intelligent construction, advanced digital technologies\u2014including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twins (DTs), and Internet of Things (IoT)\u2014increasingly support Human\u2013Robot Collaboration (HRC), offering productivity gains while introducing new safety risks. This study presents a systematic review of digital technology applications and risk management practices in HRC scenarios within intelligent construction environments. Following the PRISMA protocol, this study retrieved 7640 publications from the Web of Science database. After screening, 70 high-quality studies were selected for in-depth analysis. This review identifies four core digital technologies central to current HRC research: multi-modal acquisition technology, artificial intelligence learning technology (AI learning technology), Digital Twins (DTs), and Augmented Reality (AR). Based on the findings, this study constructed a systematic framework for digital technology in HRC, consisting of data acquisition and perception, data transmission and storage, intelligent analysis and decision support, human\u2013machine interaction and collaboration, and intelligent equipment and automation. The study highlights core challenges across risk management stages, including difficulties in multi-modal fusion (risk identification), lack of quantitative systems (risk assessment), real-time performance issues (risk response), and weak feedback loops in risk monitoring and continuous improvement. Moreover, future research directions are proposed, including trust in HRC, privacy and ethics, and closed-loop optimization. This research provides theoretical insights and practical recommendations for advancing digital safety systems and supporting the safe digital transformation of the construction industry. These research findings hold significant important implications for advancing the digital transformation of the construction industry and enabling efficient risk management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13110974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1762198227000},"page":"974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Digital Technology Integration in Risk Management of Human\u2013Robot Collaboration Within Intelligent Construction\u2014A Systematic Review and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xingyuan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinshuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Campus Construction, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weide","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Railway Construction Group Co., Ltd., No. 20 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaer","family":"Xiahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacks, R., Lee, G., Burdi, L., and Bolpagni, M. 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