{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:43:40Z","timestamp":1774928620807,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DEL NORTE through the Concurso Fondo de Desarrollo de Proyectos Docentes de Pregrado","award":["DGPRE.N\u00b0176\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGPRE.N\u00b0176\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Fondo de Apoyo para Publicaciones Open Access 2025","award":["VRIDT-UCN_10201251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRIDT-UCN_10201251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last two years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have obtained significant attention from the academic sector, making their application in higher education attractive for students, managers, faculty, and stakeholders. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review on the adoption of LLMs in the higher education system to address persistent issues and promote critical thinking, teamwork, and problem-solving skills. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, a systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection for studies published between 2023 and 2024. After a systematic search and filtering of 203 studies, we included 22 articles for further analysis. The findings show that LLMs can transform traditional teaching through active learning, align curricula with real-world demands, provide personalized feedback in large classes, and enhance assessment practices focused on applied problem-solving. Their effects are transversal, influencing multiple dimensions of higher education systems. Consequently, LLMs have the potential to improve educational equity, strengthen workforce readiness, and foster innovation across disciplines and institutions. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (2025 CRD420251165731).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13111013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:56:47Z","timestamp":1762945007000},"page":"1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can Large Language Models Foster Critical Thinking, Teamwork, and Problem-Solving Skills in Higher Education?: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2188-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3244-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis J.","family":"Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Sinaloa, Mazatl\u00e1n 82199, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Homero","family":"Toral-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Chetumal 77019, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3327-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ochoa-Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apolinar Gonz\u00e1lez","family":"Potes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6995-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Ostos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Sinaloa, Mazatl\u00e1n 82199, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad Mazatl\u00e1n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Occidente, Mazatl\u00e1n 82100, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0397-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C. Ram\u00edrez","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Canc\u00fan 77519, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n A.","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9118-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa G.","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Computaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Sinaloa, Mazatl\u00e1n 82199, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad Mazatl\u00e1n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Occidente, Mazatl\u00e1n 82100, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1108\/00400911111172011","article-title":"The Role of Education, Training and Skills Development in Social Inclusion: The University of the Heads of the Valley Case Study","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. 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