{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:01:19Z","timestamp":1775862079472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Longquanyi District of Chengdu City","award":["2025LQRD0030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LQRD0030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid development of metro\u2013commercial integration, ensuring the safety of building operations has become increasingly critical. This study proposes a comprehensive safety evaluation framework tailored to integrated metro\u2013commercial complexes. The framework establishes a hierarchical indicator system encompassing risk management, human safety management, facility and equipment safety, intelligent information management, and integrated crowd and operational risk. By combining historical records, real-time sensor data, and management logs, secondary indicators are quantified and normalized, while a hybrid weighting method integrating expert judgment and statistical analysis ensures both theoretical validity and empirical robustness. A case study demonstrates the framework\u2019s applicability, yielding an overall operational safety score of 0.601, which corresponds to a \u201cModerate\u201d level. Detailed analysis identifies deficiencies in flood resilience, intelligent monitoring reliability, and crowd-related fire risks, underscoring the complexity of safety challenges in such facilities. Targeted optimization measures\u2014including enhanced drainage redundancy, condition-based equipment maintenance, improved intelligent monitoring, evacuation corridor expansion, and catering fire safety upgrades\u2014are shown to substantially improve the composite safety index and operational resilience. This study contributes a dynamic, data-driven, and interpretable evaluation methodology that not only supports scientific safety management in metro\u2013commercial buildings but also provides a reference for broader applications in multifunctional urban infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13121081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Safety Evaluation and Management Optimization Strategies for Building Operations Under the Integrated Metro Station\u2013Commercial Development Model: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4530-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Fire Safety and Emergency Research Center of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"},{"name":"Fire Safety and Emergency Research Center of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (SKLFS), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiulin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering & School of Emergency Management, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2023.105373","article-title":"Metro Systems: Construction, Operation and Impacts","volume":"143","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tunn. 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