{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:42:07Z","timestamp":1776739327441,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009886","name":"Regione Puglia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VTOIFW0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VTOIFW0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article proposes a complex solution to improve sustainable intelligent building management based on the principles of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. The ESG KPI Framework\u2013Metaverse-Enabled Operations incorporates the latest digital twin solutions, IoT sensor systems, and metaverse platforms to deliver real-time management and optimization of ESG factors. A hybrid solution strategy has been used in this framework, focusing on auto-acquisition of information and multiple validations at different levels through correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Machine Learning. The designed prototype links all the solutions together in a multi-level dashboard to represent key performance factors such as carbon footprint, energy consumption, renewable energy use, and occupant wellness. Experiments conducted validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in improving prediction efficiency and user interaction experience during metaverse simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13121083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:49:22Z","timestamp":1764665362000},"page":"1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrating ESG with Digital Twins and the Metaverse: A Data-Driven Framework for Smart Building Sustainability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4001-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Magaletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LUM Enterprise S.r.l., 70010 Casamassima, Italy"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tognon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Consulting S.r.l., 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Di Molfetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LUM Enterprise S.r.l., 70010 Casamassima, Italy"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Zerega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Consulting S.r.l., 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Notarnicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LUM Enterprise S.r.l., 70010 Casamassima, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Zini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deloitte Consulting S.r.l., 20122 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Leogrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LUM Enterprise S.r.l., 70010 Casamassima, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Management, Finanza e Tecnologia (MFT), LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro, 70010 Casamassima, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"05004","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202560805004","article-title":"Digital twins in the building sector: Implementation and key features","volume":"608","author":"Lemian","year":"2025","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.34248\/bsengineering.1603629","article-title":"Technological Advances in AEC: AI, Machine Learning, BIM, and the Future of Sustainable Building Design in a Post-Pandemic World","volume":"8","author":"Solmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Black Sea J. 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