{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:11:17Z","timestamp":1765545077912,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Key R&D Program of Chongqing","award":["CSTB2025TIAD-STX0025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025TIAD-STX0025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate fault risk assessment is essential for maintaining wind turbine reliability. Traditional failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)-based approaches struggle to handle the fuzziness, uncertainty, and conflicting nature of multi-criteria evaluations, which may lead to delayed fault detection and increased maintenance risks. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an enhanced risk assessment framework that integrates subjective-objective weighting and fuzzy decision-making. First, a combined subjective\u2013objective weighting (CSOW) model with adaptive fusion is developed by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method (EWM). The CSOW model optimizes the weighting of severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) indicators by balancing expert knowledge and data-driven information. Second, a fuzzy decision-making model based on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and VIKOR (IVIFN-VIKOR) is established to represent expert evaluations and determine risk rankings. Notably, the overlap rate between the top 10 failure modes identified by the proposed method and a fault-tree-based Monte Carlo simulation incorporating mean time between failures (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MTTR) reaches 90%, substantially higher than other methods. This confirms the superior performance of the framework and provides enterprises with a systematic approach for risk assessment and maintenance planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems13121118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1765543951000},"page":"1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Subjective\u2013Objective Weighting and Fuzzy Decision Framework for FMEA-Based Risk Assessment of Wind Turbines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100176, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0093-8811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]},{"given":"Yunlai","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5532-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qijian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlin","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2885","article-title":"Machine learning and the renewable energy revolution: Exploring solar and wind energy solutions for a sustainable future including innovations in energy storage","volume":"32","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. 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