{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:10:00Z","timestamp":1774923000707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Systems thinking is not a static concept, but rather a dynamic and evolving paradigm that continually adapts to the challenges of its time, becoming more refined and applicable in different areas, such as education. The main objective of the study is to identify the relationship between academic performance and the pedagogical strategies used to promote systems thinking in undergraduate and graduate students in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). The method used is quantitative research with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. For data collection, a 25-item Likert scale called \u201cSTEM Pedagogical Strategies\u201d was used, with an overall Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient of \u03b1 = 0.985. The instrument measures students\u2019 perceptions of the application of five key strategies: problem-based learning, thinking routines, system maps and visual diagrams, design thinking, and system dynamics. The sample consisted of 350 undergraduate and graduate students in STEM fields. The main results show that there is a significant correlation between students\u2019 academic performance and the pedagogical strategies of thinking routines and design thinking. Likewise, the skills developed through systems thinking, as shown in the available literature, would be the basis for fostering collaboration, complex problem solving, and students\u2019 ability to become \u201csystems\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14010097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:39:37Z","timestamp":1768563577000},"page":"97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards an Integrated Educational Practice: Application of Systems Thinking in STEM Disciplines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2436-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Burciaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"},{"name":"Postgraduate Department, Universidad Autonoma de Fresnillo, Carretera Federal Panamericana, Lindavista, Ejidal 4, Fresnillo 99039, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1336-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar Alejandro","family":"Guirette-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"},{"name":"Postgraduate Department, Universidad Autonoma de Fresnillo, Carretera Federal Panamericana, Lindavista, Ejidal 4, Fresnillo 99039, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6536-4161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"},{"name":"Postgraduate Department, Universidad Autonoma de Fresnillo, Carretera Federal Panamericana, Lindavista, Ejidal 4, Fresnillo 99039, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Celaya-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Department, Universidad Autonoma de Fresnillo, Carretera Federal Panamericana, Lindavista, Ejidal 4, Fresnillo 99039, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Guadalupe","family":"Lara Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Dur\u00e1n Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Alameda Garcia Cadena 414, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Cruz-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9317-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Hosanna Ira\u00eds","family":"Correa Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Alameda Garcia Cadena 414, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 de Jes\u00fas","family":"Reyes-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Administration Department, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Superior de Fresnillo, Av. Tecnol\u00f3gico, 2000, Col Solidaridad, Fresnillo 99040, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0180-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 de Jes\u00fas","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politecnica de Zacatecas, Plan de Pardillo Sn, Parque Industrial, Fresnillo 99059, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4513-1296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn de Jes\u00fas","family":"Cardoso P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Alameda Garcia Cadena 414, Zacatecas 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Flojo, L., and Pitt, B. 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