{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:12:31Z","timestamp":1769559151949,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jungseok Logistics Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The e-commerce market is rapidly growing, driven by increased non-face-to-face services and digital convenience. However, the expansion of parcel deliveries has substantially increased packaging waste, raising environmental concerns. As ESG (environmental, social, and governance) considerations become critical for sustained competitiveness, eco-friendly packaging has emerged as an important issue in e-commerce logistics. While prior studies have examined consumer attitudes toward eco-friendly packaging, limited attention has been paid to how consumers evaluate and trade off delivery-related eco-friendly packaging attributes at the attribute level. To address this gap, this study applies Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling to news articles to identify socially salient eco-friendly packaging attributes and subsequently employs conjoint analysis to examine their relative importance based on consumer-stated preferences. The results indicate that delivery speed (27.2%), ease of recycling (20.2%), and price (19.4%) are the most influential attributes, suggesting that traditional delivery factors and eco-friendly considerations jointly shape consumer preferences in e-commerce delivery contexts. By disaggregating eco-friendly packaging into delivery-related attributes and empirically analyzing their relative importance and trade-offs, this study provides data-driven insights into consumer preference structures, contributing to the literature on sustainable consumption and e-commerce logistics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14020128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:27:11Z","timestamp":1769509631000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Eco-Packaging? Insights from LDA and Conjoint Analysis: Evidence from Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dahyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Trade and Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1976-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Trade and Logistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kim & Chang, Seoul 03170, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bomi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Air Transportation and Logistics, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102645","article-title":"COVID-19 and retail: The catalyst for e-commerce in Belgium?","volume":"62","author":"Beckers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Kim, M., Im, S., and Choi, D. (2021). Competitiveness of E Commerce firms through ESG logistics. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132011548"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2016.0675","article-title":"50th Anniversary Invited Article\u2014City Logistics: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"50","author":"Savelsbergh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Unctad, E. (2021). The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021, Routledge. [23rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Hong, S., and Peterle, E. (2023). The E-Commerce Market in South Korea, Nowak & Partner."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145166","article-title":"Study on green packaging diffusion in logistics enterprise clusters based on complex network evolutionary game","volume":"499","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2025.104458","article-title":"Does atypical packaging design enhance the appeal of healthy food? Evidence from multiple experiments","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110416","article-title":"Stakeholders, innovative business models for the circular economy and sustainable performance of firms in an emerging economy facing institutional voids","volume":"264","author":"Jabbour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orzan, G., Cruceru, A.F., B\u0103l\u0103ceanu, C.T., and Chivu, R.G. (2018). Consumers\u2019 behavior concerning sustainable packaging: An exploratory study on Romanian consumers. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10061787"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"355","article-title":"Conjoint measurement-for quantifying judgmental data","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/208721","article-title":"Conjoint analysis in consumer research: Issues and outlook","volume":"5","author":"Green","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2015.07.012","article-title":"Factors affecting consumers\u2019 choices concerning sustainable packaging during product purchase and recycling","volume":"103","author":"Martinho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2024.103818","article-title":"Reusable packaging adoption in e-commerce markets with green consumers: An evolutionary game analysis","volume":"81","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2013.11.009","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 evaluations of ecological packaging\u2013Rational and emotional approaches","volume":"37","author":"Palmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.10.001","article-title":"What affect consumers\u2019 willingness to pay for green packaging? Evidence from China","volume":"141","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2023.103265","article-title":"Exploring consumers\u2019 usage intention of reusable express packaging: An extended norm activation model","volume":"72","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, S., Ahn, H.K., Jeong, J., and Moon, J. (2016). Consumers\u2019 attitude toward sustainable food products: Ingredients vs. Packaging. Sustainability, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/su8101073"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.09.116","article-title":"Intention to buy eco-friendly packaged products among young consumers of India: A study on developing nation","volume":"141","author":"Prakash","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-010-0227-0","article-title":"Green marketing strategies: An examination of stakeholders and the opportunities they present","volume":"39","author":"Cronin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1470-6431.2008.00710.x","article-title":"Preference for green packaging in consumer product choices\u2013do consumers care?","volume":"32","author":"Rokka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Consum. Stud."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916507311140","article-title":"Packaging and proenvironmental consumption behavior: Investigating purchase and disposal decisions for beverages","volume":"41","author":"Semeijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1108\/IJRDM-04-2014-0048","article-title":"Communicating packaging eco-friendliness: An exploration of consumers\u2019 perceptions of eco-designed packaging","volume":"43","author":"Magnier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Retail Distrib. Manag."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2025.104438","article-title":"Enhancing acceptance of reusable express packaging: A mixed-method study to reveal the net effects and configurational effects of consumers\u2019 perceptions","volume":"87","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2978\/jsas.13.243","article-title":"Eco-friendly packaging and consumer buying behaviour in india a case study of mumbai","volume":"13","author":"SHARMA","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popovic, I., Bossink, B.A.G., van der Sijde, P.C., and Fong, C.Y.M. (2020). Why are consumers willing to pay more for liquid foods in environmentally friendly packaging?. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072812"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.01.035","article-title":"Seeding the survey and analysis of research literature with text mining","volume":"34","author":"Delen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119834905","article-title":"Insight from scientific study in logistics using text mining","volume":"2673","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1145\/2133806.2133826","article-title":"Probabilistic topic models","volume":"55","author":"Blei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent dirichlet allocation","volume":"3","author":"Blei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.08.013","article-title":"Identifying convergence fields and technologies for industrial safety: LDA-based network analysis","volume":"138","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.07.022","article-title":"Predicting the pattern of technology convergence using big-data technology on large-scale triadic patents","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.5530\/jscires.13.2.35","article-title":"Topic Modeling Analytics of Digital Economy Research: Trends and Insights","volume":"13","author":"Detthamrong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Scientometr. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., and Mengoni, P. (2020). How pandemic spread in news: Text analysis using topic model. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), Melbourne, Australia, 14\u201317 December 2020, IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIIAT50758.2020.00118"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H.J., Cho, S.G., Lee, K.W., Lee, S.J., and Oh, J. (2025). Topic Modeling Analysis of Children\u2019s Food Safety Management Using BigKinds News Big Data: Comparing the Implementation Times of the Comprehensive Plan for Children\u2019s Dietary Safety Management. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14152650"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-019-09368-1","article-title":"Analysis of launch strategy in cross-border e-Commerce market via topic modeling of consumer reviews","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.24874\/IJQR16.02-14","article-title":"Conjoint Analysis of Green Consumer Preferences for Electronic Products","volume":"16","author":"Kojcic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.21743","article-title":"Virtual is so real! Consumers\u2019 evaluation of product packaging in virtual reality","volume":"40","author":"Branca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/375201","article-title":"What is field theory?","volume":"109","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035159","article-title":"Rigorously testing multialternative decision field theory against random utility models","volume":"143","author":"Berkowitsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.3.432","article-title":"Decision field theory: A dynamic-cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment","volume":"100","author":"Busemeyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jretconser.2018.12.001","article-title":"Consumer preferences for beer attributes in Germany: A conjoint and latent class approach","volume":"47","author":"Meyerding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Retail. Consum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-09-2017-0275","article-title":"Customers\u2019 valuation of time and convenience in e-fulfillment","volume":"49","author":"Gawor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan, M., Rahman, A., Karim, M.R., Khan, M.S.I., and Islam, M.J. Normalized approach to find optimal number of topics in Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Proceedings of the International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 17\u201318 December 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-4673-4_27"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2015.2265","article-title":"Behavior-based pricing: An analysis of the impact of peer-induced fairness","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.20261","article-title":"Getting a feel for price affect: A conceptual framework and empirical investigation of consumers\u2019 emotional responses to price information","volume":"26","author":"Peine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Mark."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2016.1234283","article-title":"Cross-border electronic commerce: Distance effects and express delivery in European Union markets","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Commer."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Sekaran, U., and Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach, John Wiley & Sons. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Hogg, R.V., and Tanis, E.A. (2009). Probability and Statistical Inference, Pearson Prentice Hall. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"18","article-title":"A user\u2019s guide to conjoint analysis","volume":"14","author":"McCullough","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajsl.2017.12.007","article-title":"comparative analysis of three major transfer airports in Northeast Asia focusing on Incheon International Airport using a conjoint analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. Shipp. Logist"}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/14\/2\/128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:40:33Z","timestamp":1769510433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/14\/2\/128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["systems14020128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems14020128","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}