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The analysis of observed data patterns in stress response bio signals provides sufficient evidence of similarity to validating the driving simulation digital twin as a reliable replacement for real-world experiences in controlled and consistent settings, or when overall trends of physiological variables, rather than specific variable levels, are of interest. The findings also stress the need for optimizing the precision of digital twins in complex settings. This study introduces a time-series-based validation approach for driving digital twins by comparing continuous physiological trajectories between real and simulated driving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14020144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:19:38Z","timestamp":1769761178000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["User Interaction with Digital Twins for Driving: How Comparable Are Simulated and Real Trajectories?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3368-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Czaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, 95028 Hof, Germany"},{"name":"Marketing and Innovation, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eldar","family":"Sultanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capgemini Deutschland GmbH, 81829 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Chircu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anderson School of Management, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Czarnecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachbereich 5\u2014Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, FH Aachen-University of Applied Sciences, 52066 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9669-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, 95028 Hof, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Hof, 95028 Hof, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2021.103469","article-title":"Digital twin paradigm: A systematic literature review","volume":"130","author":"Semeraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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