{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:17:48Z","timestamp":1770963468907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 20&ZD155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 20&ZD155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 24VRC085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 24VRC085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consumer attitude uncertainty can hinder disruptive innovation (DI) diffusion in the new energy vehicle (NEV) market and weaken enterprises\u2019 incentives to adopt new technologies. This study develops a dual-layer coupled network model linking consumer attitude dissemination and enterprise R&amp;D strategy evolution under bounded observability. Our simulations show three main findings. First, stronger discouragement of counter-attitudinal dissemination markedly suppresses diffusion and lowers steady-state adoption. Second, diffusion strengthens when consumers weight public information more and firm messaging less, particularly under stronger policy support. Third, network structure shapes diffusion: stronger inter-enterprise connectivity increases adoption, and consumer topology and interaction breadth exert different effects under different network types. These results clarify how information environments, policy support, and cross-layer behavioral modulation jointly shape diffusion regimes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14020172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:20:14Z","timestamp":1770225614000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Complex Systems Approach to NEV Disruptive Innovation Diffusion: Co-Evolution Across Enterprise and Consumer Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruguo","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.130998","article-title":"Synergistic effect of government policy and market mechanism on the innovation of new energy vehicle enterprises","volume":"295","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Reuters (2025, December 25). 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