{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:36:26Z","timestamp":1778877386748,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu \u201cWorld Water Valley\u201d"},{"name":"Water Ecological Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the context of intensifying environmental regulation and sustainability pressures, firms increasingly face the challenge of sustaining green innovation under uncertainty. Green innovation resilience, which is defined as a firm\u2019s capacity to maintain green innovation momentum and adaptively evolve technological capabilities amidst uncertainty, represents a critical organizational competence. Moving beyond static output measures, this resilience captures the intertemporal stability of firms\u2019 green patenting activities during turbulent periods. From a systems perspective, executive compensation arrangements represent an important internal incentive mechanism that interacts with managerial characteristics and external policy environments. This study investigates how executive compensation stickiness\u2014defined as asymmetric pay adjustment in response to firm performance\u2014affects green innovation resilience. Using panel data from Chinese A-share-listed firms, we find that executive compensation stickiness significantly promotes green innovation resilience at the 5% level, suggesting that downward pay rigidity mitigates managerial risk aversion and supports tolerance for short-term setbacks in long-horizon green innovation. Furthermore, this positive relationship is further strengthened when executives possess environmental backgrounds (at the 5% level) and when firms receive government green innovation subsidies (at the 10% level), highlighting the interactive role of individual-level attributes and institutional policy support. Overall, the findings demonstrate how incentive asymmetry functions as a systemic property shaping firms\u2019 adaptive responses and contribute to a broader understanding of green innovation resilience in complex socio-technical systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14020211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T09:22:46Z","timestamp":1771320166000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Asymmetric Pay Adjustment and Green Innovation Resilience: Interactions Among Executive Incentives, Managerial Backgrounds, and Government Subsidies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu \u201cWorld Water Valley\u201d and Water Ecological Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu \u201cWorld Water Valley\u201d and Water Ecological Civilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109528","article-title":"A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method to Evaluate Green Innovation Ecosystem Resilience","volume":"139","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. 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