{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:00:12Z","timestamp":1772107212204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund of the Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["23YJA630054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA630054"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202303021212043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202303021212043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Technological innovation is driving the intelligent transformation of China\u2019s coal mining industry, leading to significant changes in miners\u2019 working methods and risk structures. To explore the predictors of miners\u2019 safety citizenship behaviors in an intelligent mining environment, this study introduces regulatory focus based on the JD-R model of miners and proposes safety climate and self-efficacy as additional predictors. Using multiple methods including machine learning, response surface methodology (RSM), and latent profile analysis (LPA), data from a sample of 1168 miners were analyzed. The results indicate that the random forest model performed best, with the lowest prediction error and strongest explanatory power. In the variable importance analysis, safety climate (SAC), promotion focus (PRF), prevention focus (PF), and self-efficacy (SE) were identified as key factors influencing miners\u2019 safety citizenship behaviors. Additionally, four distinct miner work characteristic groups were identified, showing significant differences; the more aligned the job demands and resources, the higher the safety citizenship behavior. This study aims to provide a basis for segmented and classified management in coal mine safety management from the perspective of multi-method evidence and heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/systems14030236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on Influence Mechanism of Frontline Miners\u2019 Job Characteristics on Safety Citizenship Behavior in Intelligent Coal Mines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0311-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jizu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s40789-022-00491-3","article-title":"Research and Practice of Intelligent Coal Mine Technology Systems in China","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07478-5","article-title":"A Simulation Study on Risk Emergence Mechanism and Transmission Path of Coal Mine Workers\u2019 Unsafe Behaviours Based on DEMATEL-ISM and Arena Simulation","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"National Mine Safety Administration (2026, February 23). National Mine Safety Administration Held a Press Conference on the National Mine Work Safety Situation and Key Work Progress, Available online: https:\/\/www.chinamine-safety.gov.cn\/xw\/mkaqjcxw\/202307\/t20230725_457255.shtml."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"State Council Work Safety Committee (2026, February 23). Measures on Prevention and Containment of Major and Extraordinarily Serious Production Safety Accidents in the Mining Sector (Notice), Available online: https:\/\/www.mem.gov.cn\/gk\/zfxxgkpt\/fdzdgknr\/202401\/t20240119_475615.shtml."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.07.032","article-title":"Construction and Analysis of a Coal Mine Accident Causation Network Based on Text Mining","volume":"153","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2023.104425","article-title":"Accident Case-Driven Study on the Causal Modeling and Prevention Strategies of Coal-Mine Gas-Explosion Accidents: A Systematic Analysis of Coal-Mine Accidents in China","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2020.104986","article-title":"The Influence of Leadership Behavior on Miners\u2019 Work Safety Behavior","volume":"132","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S., Han, X., Wang, X., and Qi, M. (2026). Understanding Workplace Deviant Behavior in the Coal Mining: The Roles of Self-Experience and Differential Susceptibility. Chin. Manag. Stud., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1108\/CMS-05-2025-0477"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2019.11.026","article-title":"Accidents Analysis and Prevention of Coal and Gas Outburst: Understanding Human Errors in Accidents","volume":"134","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2024.106437","article-title":"How Safety Culture Changes Safety Consciousness and Safety Citizenship Behavior of Construction Personnel in China: The Mediating Roles of Personnel Engagement and Social Relationship Exchange","volume":"173","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2022.105993","article-title":"Understanding Safety Culture and Safety Citizenship through the Lens of Social Identity Theory","volume":"158","author":"Tear","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Zhai, H., Zhang, J., and Meng, X. (2020). Research on the Relationship between Safety Leadership, Safety Attitude and Safety Citizenship Behavior of Railway Employees. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061864"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105404","article-title":"Safety Citizenship Behaviour of Miners in Ghana: The Effect of Hardiness Personality Disposition and Psychological Safety","volume":"143","author":"Dodoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.1.170","article-title":"Climate as a Moderator of the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Content Specific Citizenship: Safety Climate as an Exemplar","volume":"88","author":"Hofmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.844354","article-title":"A Model for Types and Levels of Human Interaction with Automation","volume":"30","author":"Parasuraman","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bainbridge, L. (1983). Ironies of Automation. Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man\u2013Machine Systems, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-029348-6.50026-9"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1145\/1995376.1995403","article-title":"Crossing to the Dark Side: Examining Creators, Outcomes, and Inhibitors of Technostress","volume":"54","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2022.08.008","article-title":"The Relationship between Safety Climate and Safety Performance: A Review","volume":"83","author":"Idris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2025.02.026","article-title":"How Does Artificial Intelligence Usage Affect the Safety Behavior of Bus Drivers? A Double-Edged Sword Study","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2023.106093","article-title":"Linking Construction Noise to Worker Safety Behavior: The Role of Negative Emotion and Regulatory Focus","volume":"162","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-025-07214-5","article-title":"Research on the Influence of MW on Situation Awareness in Shearer Monitoring Tasks in Intelligent Coal Mines","volume":"244","author":"Yuan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.2307\/256822","article-title":"On the Use of Polynomial Regression Equations as an Alternative to Difference Scores in Organizational Research","volume":"36","author":"Edwards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550618757600","article-title":"Response Surface Analysis in Personality and Social Psychology: Checklist and Clarifications for the Case of Congruence Hypotheses","volume":"10","author":"Humberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-010-9183-4","article-title":"Polynomial Regression with Response Surface Analysis: A Powerful Approach for Examining Moderation and Overcoming Limitations of Difference Scores","volume":"25","author":"Shanock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bus. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards, J.R. (2002). Alternatives to Difference Scores: Polynomial Regression Analysis and Response Surface Methodology. Measuring and Analyzing Behavior in Organizations: Advances in Measurement and Data Analysis, Jossey-Bass\/Wiley.","DOI":"10.1037\/e576892011-020"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Aiken, L.S., West, S.G., and Reno, R.R. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Sage."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.3.4.322","article-title":"The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An Instrument for Internationally Comparative Assessments of Psychosocial Job Characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Karasek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2019.10.002","article-title":"The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire","volume":"10","author":"Burr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf. Health Work"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0165","article-title":"The Consequences of Technostress for End Users in Organizations: Conceptual Development and Empirical Validation","volume":"19","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.6.1321","article-title":"The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and Validating a Comprehensive Measure for Assessing Job Design and the Nature of Work","volume":"91","author":"Morgeson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1999.1713","article-title":"Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work\u2013Family Conflict","volume":"56","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Balushi, A.K., Thumiki, V.R.R., Nawaz, N., Jurcic, A., and Gajenderan, V. (2022). Role of Organizational Commitment in Career Growth and Turnover Intention in Public Sector of Oman. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265535"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2019.1662068","article-title":"Psychosocial Safety Climate and Unsafe Behavior among Miners in China: The Mediating Role of Work Stress and Job Burnout","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sieberichs, S., and Kluge, A. (2021). How Just Culture and Personal Goals Moderate the Positive Relation between Commercial Pilots\u2019 Safety Citizenship Behavior and Voluntary Incident Reporting. Safety, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/safety7030059"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/03088839.2021.1959077","article-title":"Enablers of Safety Citizenship Behaviors of Seafarers: Leader-Member Exchange, Team-Member Exchange, and Safety Climate","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Marit. Policy Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26729","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12083-7","article-title":"The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Safety Citizenship Behavior in Chinese Gas Sector","volume":"15","author":"Miao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012695","article-title":"Regulatory Focus as a Mediator of the Influence of Initiating Structure and Servant Leadership on Employee Behavior","volume":"93","author":"Neubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.65.1.96","article-title":"Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications","volume":"65","author":"Zohar","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1069072707305763","article-title":"A Short Version of the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale: Structural and Construct Validity across Five Countries","volume":"16","author":"Rigotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Career Assess."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004710","article-title":"Practitioner\u2019s Guide to Latent Class Analysis: Methodological Considerations and Common Pitfalls","volume":"49","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.11.004","article-title":"Evaluating Latent Class Analysis Models in Qualitative Phenotype Identification","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."}],"container-title":["Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/14\/3\/236\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:05:14Z","timestamp":1772103914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-8954\/14\/3\/236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["systems14030236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/systems14030236","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-8954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-8954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]}}}